Mr Steer's Final Exam Flashcards

112430793	civilization	highly organized society	0
112430794	radiocarbon dating	scientific technique that measures the rate of decay in organic matter	1
112430795	glacier	large, slowly moving mass of snow and ice	2
112430796	nomad	wanderer who travels from place to place in search of food	3
112430797	history	record of events since people first developed writing	4
112430798	culture	what a human group develops through living together	5
112430799	anthropologist	researcher who studies the skeletal remains of early people	6
112430800	artifact	material object shaped by a human being	7
112430801	artisan	skilled craft worker	8
112430802	irrigation	providing water by means of canals and ditches	9
112430803	monsoon	seasonal wind named for the direction in which it blows or the season in which it occurs	10
112430804	citadel	strong central fortress	11
112430805	epic	long poem describing heroes and great events	12
112430806	caste system	form of social organization in which groups of people are divided into distinct classes	13
112430807	raja	Indian prince	14
112430808	stupa	hemispherical, or dome-shaped, shrine	15
112430809	yoga	physical and mental discipline harmonizing body and soul	16
112430810	Brahmin	Indian priest	17
112430811	karma	positive or negative force generated by a person's actions, which will determine the person's status in the next life	18
112430812	monism	belief that God and humans are one	19
112430813	rhetoric	the study of public speaking and debating	20
112430814	polis	Greek word for city-state	21
112430815	democracy	government in which all citizens participate	22
112430816	popular government	the idea that people could and should rule themselves rather than be ruled by others	23
112430817	terracing	creating small, flat plots of land by building low walls and filling the space behind them with soil	24
112430818	metic	non-Athenian who was free but could not own land or take part in government	25
112430819	helot	agricultural laborer who was a member of the lowest class in Sparta	26
112430820	myth	traditional story about the deeds of gods and goddesses	27
112430821	tyrant	ruler who seizes power by force	28
112430822	aristocracy	priveliged ruling class	29
112430823	Phillip II of Macedonia	conqueror of Greece and father of Alexander the Great	30
112430824	Herodotus	father of history and the first great historian of the western world	31
112430825	Hippocrates	founder of medicine who taught that all disease comes from natural causes	32
112430826	Plato	greek philosopher who wrote the Republic	33
112430827	Archimedes	Greek mathemetician who invented the compound pulley and built machines with levers	34
112430828	Sophocles	author of the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex	35
112430829	Phidias	sculptor who designed the statue of Zeus at the Temple of Olympia	36
112430830	Socrates	great teacher who was sentenced to death for criticizing Greek democracy and leadership	37
112430831	Eratosthenes	Hellenistic geographer who calculatedthe circumference of Earth with amazing accuracy	38
112430832	Euclid	mathematician who developed geometry into a system and wrote the textbook Elements	39
112430833	Patrician	member of the powerful aristocratic class in the Roman Republic	40
112430834	checks and balances	division of power that prevents any one part of the government from becoming too powerful	41
112430835	anarchy	abscence of any government at all	42
112430836	indemnity	money paid for war damages	43
112430837	republic	form of government in which voters elect their leaders	44
112430838	inflation	rise in prices caused by a decrease in the value of the exchange medium	45
112430839	consul	one of two chief executives who ran the government and who was also an army commander	46
112430840	patriarch	bishop of one of those cities that served as administrative centers for the church	47
112430841	plebian	citizen of the Roman Republic who was not a patrician	48
112430842	veto	to refuse to approve	49
112430843	Ice Age	four cold-weather periods lasting from 50,000 to 110,000 years	50
112430844	Neanderthal	first people to believe in a god or gods	51
112430845	Cro-Magnon	created paintings in caves in southern France and Spain	52
112430846	Dog domestication	Stone Age	53
112430847	four river valleys	where civilization first developed	54
112430848	copper	first metal to be used	55
112430849	division of labor	one of the characteristics of a civilization	56
112430850	Menes	united Egypt around 3200 B.C.	57
112430851	Tigris and Euphrates	important rivers that flow from Turkey to the Persian Gulf	58
112430852	Moses	led Hebrew people out of slavery in Egypt	59
112430853	Sumerians	first to write on clay tablets with a stylus	60
112430854	Amon	most important god of ancient Egypt	61
112430855	Hittites	first to use iron for weapons	62
112430856	Chaldeans	built the palace of Nebuchadnezzar	63
112430857	Judaism	system of laws and religious faith developed by the Hebrews	64
112430858	Code of Hammurabi	controlled all aspects of life in Babylonia	65
112430859	Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa	provide info about Indus Valley civilizations	66
112430860	Deccan	interior region of the Indian subcontinent	67
112430861	Vedas	great literature of the Indo-Aryan religion	68
112430862	reincarnation	rebirth of the soul	69
112430863	Hinduism	major religion of India	70
112430864	Indo-Aryans	overran northwestern India in 1750 B.C.	71
112430865	Chandragupta Maurya	united northwestern India up to the Hindu Kush	72
112430866	Ajanta	site of famous cave paintings	73
112430867	untouchables	impure in Indian society	74
112430868	dynastic cycle	rise and fall of successive families of rulers in China	75
112430869	Shang priests	wrote questions on oracle bones	76
112430870	Qin dynasty	established autocracy	77
112430871	Civil Service Exam	taken by prospective individuals who wanted to work in civil service positions	78
112430872	Wu Di	established the Han dynasty and the Pax Sinica	79
112430873	legalists	believed in power and harsh laws	80
112430874	Five Classics	expected to be learned by well-brought-up young men	81
112430875	Aegean Sea	separated the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor	82
112430876	Crete	site of Minoans	83
112430877	Greek city-states	had acropolis and agora	84
112430878	Iliad & Odyssey	written by Homer	85
112430879	Athenian democracy	gave ppower to the common people	86
112430880	battle at Platea	in 479 B.C. ended the Persian Wars	87
112430881	commercial rivalries	helped cause the Peloponnesian War	88
112430882	Age of Pericles	period of power and prosperity for Athens	89
112430883	characteristics of Greek art	expressed in the ideals of harmony, balance, order, and moderation	90
112430884	Hellenized	to become assimilated into Greek culture	91
112430885	Octavian	defeated Antony and Cleopatra's fleet	92
112430886	First Triumvirate	Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus	93
112430887	Senate	most powerful part of Roman government	94
112430888	Twelve Tables	Roman law	95
112430889	Marcus Aurelius	last of the good emperors	96
112430890	Cyril and Methodius	brought Christianity to the Slavs	97
112430891	Justinianic Code	organized by Byzantine scholars	98
112430892	1453	end of the Byzantine Empire	99
112430893	Kiev	located on the Dnieper river	100
112430894	peasants	Kievan society	101
112430895	Moscow	in 1300 became strongest principality in eastern Europe	102
112430896	Ivan I	took the title of czar	103