AP World History ch. 26 Flashcards
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| 126633216 | Janissaries | Ottoman infantry division, forcibly conscripted as young boys, bacame military slaves, used military strength to influence politics, inhibited Ottoman reform | 0 | |
| 126633218 | Ayan | Ottoman landowners/ gov't officials | 1 | |
| 126633220 | Balkens | area of Greece, lost by Ottomans | 2 | |
| 126633221 | Selim II | tried to reform administration, military (janissaries), and beauacracy; failed and killed | 3 | |
| 126633223 | Mahmud II | built secret army with western technology, murdered janissaries allowing western reforms to take place | 4 | |
| 126633225 | Ulama | Orthodox religious scholars, suspicious of non-Islamic thoughts and ideas | 5 | |
| 126633227 | Tanzimat Reforms | included education based on western math and science, postal service, telegraphs, railroads, constitution (improved position of religious minority groups), treaty with the British that improved trade by removed taxes | 6 | |
| 126633229 | Hamid | conservative, got rid of constitution and returned to absolutism | 7 | |
| 126633231 | Young Turks | liberal, helped spread liberal ideas, overthrew sultan | 8 | |
| 126633233 | Mamluks | slaves who served in the military, defeated by French | 9 | |
| 126633235 | Murad | shared power in Egypt, defeated by Napoleon, led Mamluks | 10 | |
| 126633237 | Muhammad Ali | took over Egypt after French invasion, based military on western technology (conscription, navy), improved economy (public works, increased production of cotton, hemp, indigo) | 11 | |
| 126633238 | Khedives | succeeded Ali | 12 | |
| 126633240 | jihad | Islamic holy war, scholars wanted strict only Muslim behavior | 13 | |
| 126633242 | al- Afghani | thinker who believed in borrowing western ideas and rational inquiry | 14 | |
| 126633244 | Achmad/ Mahdi | fought in Sudan against British and Egyptians, "mahdi" = "promised deliverer" | 15 | |
| 126633246 | Khalifa Abdallahi | succeeded Achmad, set up strong centralized state in Sudan w/ no drinking, dancing, or foreigners | 16 | |
| 126633248 | Manchu | group of tribes from Manchuria (NE China) who defeated Ming Dynasty | 17 | |
| 126633250 | Nurhaci | united nomads and led attack on Ming, adopted Chinese ways | 18 | |
| 126633252 | Qing Dynasty | dynasty led by Manchus, succeeded Ming | 19 | |
| 126633254 | Compradors | merchants who specialized in import/ export trade | 20 | |
| 126633255 | Opium War | Britain wanted open trade in China and defeated Chinese | 21 | |
| 126633257 | Commissioner Lin | tried to halt opium trade (destroyed opium on docks => Chinese refused to pay, war broke out) | 22 | |
| 126633259 | Treaty on Nanking | ended Opium War, British got extraterritoriality (tried in their own courts in China), Hong Kong & China became spheres of European influence | 23 | |
| 126633261 | Taiping Rebellion | offered change such as land redistribution, liberties for women, and universal education and healthcare and attacked the scholar-gentry | 24 | |
| 126633263 | Self- Strengthening Movement | AKA Tongsi Restoration, gov't response to Taiping Rebellion, railroads, factories, modernized army | 25 | |
| 126633265 | Boxer Rebellion | led by students and military officials against foreigners and Qing gov't | 26 | |
| 126633266 | Empress Cixi | refused to reform China, died and left 5 year old Puyi on the throne | 27 | |
| 126633268 | Sun Yat- Sen | formed Chinese republic | 28 |