Chapter 2 Reading Guide Flashcards

49360301	Dao	"the way of nature"; refers to a Chinese religious philosophy; emerged at the end of the Zhou; founded by Lao Tzu; embraced nature's harmony and adds a sense of nature's mystery	0
49360302	Qin Dynasty	established in 221 BCE at the end of the Warring States Period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty; founded by Qin Shi Huangdi; reorganized China into large provinces; developed strong military; Great Wall was built; census introduced	1
49360303	(Qin) Shi Huangdi	founder of the brief Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE; removes power of feudal lords----bureaucrats rule large provinces; brutal ruler; built up a very strong army to destroy possible threats; built the Great Wall; institutes census	2
49360304	Great Wall	Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during the Qin Dynasty	3
49360305	Han Dynasty	Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 BCE; ruled for the next 400 years; established by peasant revolt after death of Shi Huangdi; reduce taxes and brutalities; expanded empire; Emperor WuTi (enforcer of peace); Confucian Civil Service Exam	4
49360306	Kung Fuzi (Confucious)	major Chinese philosopher; author of the Analects; philosophy based on need for restoration of order through advice of superior men to be found among Shi	5
49360307	Legalism	school of political thought that emerged during the Qin and Han Dynasties; rejected Confucian belief; favored authoritarian state (masses not capable of self-rule; humans evil by nature)	6
49360308	Laozi (Lao Tzu)	founded Daoism; ideas embraced nature's harmony and adds a sense of nature's mystery; spiritual alternative to Confucianism	7
49360309	"Mean" People	a level of Chinese social structure below peasantry; people who performed rough transport and other unskilled jobs and suffered from the lowest possible status; identified by green scarf	8
49360310	Confucian Bureaucracy	during the Han Dynasty, Emperor WuTi implemented formal training of bureaucrats; civil service examinations for bureaucrats - meant you had to be trained and knowledgeable to oversee society	9
49917457	Dynasty	family of kings passing down rule through lineage	10
49917458	Cyclic	one dynasty replaces another	11
49917459	Zhou Dynasty	displaced Shang Dynasty; alliances with regional princes and families (feudal system); overtook Yangtze River Valley (Middle Kingdom); invoked the "Mandate of Heaven"; Mandarin Chinese language; Confucious (philosopher)	12
49917460	Mandate of Heaven	belief of Chinese emperors that they ruled because the gods wanted them to rule.	13
49917461	Yin & Yang	symbolizes universal balance and a "harmonious earthly life";	14
49917462	System of Ethics	"do unto others as your status and theirs dictates"	15