chapter 4 Mediterranean civilizations Flashcards

89640266	alexander the great	Conquered and ruled an empire stretching from Macedonia to the Indus Valley	0
89640267	alexandria	City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization	1
89640268	cyrus the great	the leader who built the Persian empire	2
89640269	galen	Greek surgeon who studied the body and described the valves of the heart and noted differences between arteries and veins	3
89640270	hannibal	general of Carthage who marched his army from Spain to Rome in the Second Punic War	4
89640271	Hellenistic Age	the blending of cultures that developed after the death of alexander	5
89640272	Ionian	a member of one of the four divisions of the prehistoric Greeks	6
89640273	Doric	oldest and simplest of the three orders of classical Greek architecture	7
89640274	corinthian	most ornate of the three orders of classical Greek architecture	8
89640275	king xerxes	King Darius' son and successor; lead the battle of Thermopylae; was determined to defaeat the Greeks; in 480 BC he led an army into Greece; the Spartans joined into help the Athenians	9
89640276	peloponnesian wars	a war fought between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC, ending in a victory for Sparta	10
89640277	sappho	Greek poet who wrote about human emotions	11
89640278	sophocles	one of the great tragedians of ancient Greece (496-406 BC)	12
89640279	mystery religions	Religions often imported from the Middle East which featured secret rituals and fellowship and a greater sense of contact with the divine; competed with early Christianity	13
89640280	direct democracy	A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives	14
89640281	philip II of macedonia	father of Alexander the Great, ruler of Greece	15
89640282	cicero	a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC)	16
89640283	roman republic	the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC	17
89640284	Illiad and Odyssey	story written by Homer which discussed the last year of the Trojan war/ story wriittien by Homer which sdiscussed Odyseyuses life after defeat in the Trojan war	18
89640285	Euclid	He is the father of geometry and wrote a book explaining geometry that was used as a text book till the 1900	19
89640286	Augustus Caesar	The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace	20
89640287	Plato	Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society	21
89640288	city-state	a city that is also a seperate independant state	22
89640289	themistocles	an Athenian general who came up with a plan for the Spartans and the Athenians to fight the Persians	23
89640290	Aristotle	Student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great	24
89640291	Vergil	roman poet who wrote famous epic poem, AENEID which describes the foundings of Rome	25
89640292	Punic Wars	The three wars between Carthage and Rome.	26
89640293	Pythagoras	philosopher who believed that everything could be explained in terms of mathematics	27
89640294	aristocracy	Group of the most wealthy and privileged	28
89640295	zoroastrianism	Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end	29
89640296	constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)	30
89640297	carthage	fought with Rome in the Punic Wars, had the great general Hannibal but was later defeated	31
89640298	Persian wars	A series of wars between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire (5th century B.C.).	32
89640299	ptolemy	ancient scientist who said earth was the center of the universe	33
89640300	polis	Greek city-state	34
89640301	Julius Caeser	A military commander who became a Dictator	35
89640302	Battle of Marathon	a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians	36
89640303	Battle of thermopylae	Battle during the Persian wars in which Spartan troops fought to the death against a much larger Persian force	37
89640304	Augustus	First emperor of the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar's grand-nephew.	38
89640305	Herodotus	the ancient greek known as the father of history	39
89640306	Twelve tables	Rome's first code of laws; adopted in 450 B.C.	40
89640307	tyranny	dominance through threat of punishment and violence	41
89640308	Olympic Games	the ancient Panhellenic celebration at Olympia in honor of Zeus	42
89640309	Socrates	Critic of the Sophists, was condemned to death for "corrupting the youth of Athens"	43