APWH Ch. 1 Vocab Part 1 Flashcards

198410798	civilization	An ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits.	0
198410799	culture	Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Material culture refers to physical objects, such as dwellings, clothing, tools, and crafts. Also includes arts, beliefs, knowledge, and technology	1
198410800	history	The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices.	2
198410801	Stone Age	The historical period characterized by the production of tools from stone and other nonmetallic substances. It was followed in some places by the Bronze Age and more generally by the Iron Age.	3
198410802	Paleolithic	The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.	4
198410803	Neolithic	The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s). It follows the Paleolithic period.	5
198410804	foragers	People who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects.	6
198410805	Agricultural Revolutions	The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution.	7
198410806	Holocene	The geological era since the end of the Great Ice Age about 11,000 years ago.	8
198410807	megaliths	Structures and complexes of very large stones constructed for ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times.	9
198410808	Babylon	The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the Amorite king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E.	10
198410809	Sumerians	The people who dominated southern Mesopotamia through the end of the third millennium B.C.E. They were responsible for the creation of many fundamental elements of Mesopotamian culture—such as irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions—taken over by their Semitic successors.	11
198410810	Semitic	Family of related languages long spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa. In antiquity these languages included Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician. The most widespread modern member of the Semitic family is Arabic.	12
198410811	city-state	A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early Mesopotamia, Archaic and Classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy.	13
198410812	Hammurabi	Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases.	14