World Hist. AP Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

200289163	Paleolithic Age	Old Stone Age	0
200289164	Homo sapiens	the humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period	1
200289165	Neolithic Age	New Stone Age	2
200289166	Neolithic revolution	succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, GRADUAL CHANGE	3
200289167	hunting and gathering	the original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries	4
200289168	Bronze Age	beginning around 4000 B.C., bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East until about 1500 BC when iron began to replace it	5
200289169	slash and burn agriculture	a system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted	6
200289170	band	a level of social organization normally consisting of 20-30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis	7
200289171	civilization	societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups	8
200289172	cuneiform	a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	9
200289173	nomads	cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	10
200289174	Mesopotamia	literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys	11
200289175	Sumerians	people who migrated into Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE, created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states	12
200289176	ziggurats	massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes	13
200289177	city-state	a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	14
200289178	Babylonian Empire	unified all of Mesopotamia around 1800 BCE, collapsed due to foreign invasion around 1600 BCE	15
200289179	Hammurabi	the most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law	16
200289180	pharaoh	title of kings of ancient Egypt	17
200289181	pyramids	monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	18
200289182	Kush	African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile around 1000 BCE, conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	19
200289183	Indus River Valley	river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization	20
200289184	Harappa	along with Mohenjo Daro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	21
200289185	Mohenjo Daro	along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	22
200289186	Yellow River	also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China	23
200289187	Shang	first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE	24
200289188	oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones let to Chinese writing	25
200289189	ideographs	pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	26
200289190	Phoenicians	seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	27
200289191	monotheism	the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization	28