Ch. 11 Terms Flashcards

42121726	Indian	created by Columbus referring to indigenous peoples of the New World; implies commonality that didn't exist; still used for Native Americans	0
42121727	Toltecs	nomadic peoples from beyond northern frontier of sedentary agricultural area in mesoamerica; strong militaristic ethic incorporated human sacrifice	1
42121728	Aztecs	nomadic tribe that used political anarchy to penetrate sedentary agricultural zone in Mesoamerica; est. empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texoco	2
42121729	Tenochtitlan	est. 1325 on Lake Texoco; center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texoco in 1434 to control most of Central plateau of Mesoamerica	3
42121730	Tlacaelel	Aztec advisor 1427-1480; had histories rewritten; expanded human sacrifice as political terror	4
42121731	Pipiltin	members of highest Aztec social rank	5
42121732	Huitzilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; Central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god	6
42121733	calpulli	7 clans of Aztec society; later greater than 60 clans; residential groupings	7
42121734	Chinampas	systen of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs	8
42121735	Pochteca	special merchant class in Aztec society; long-distance luxury items	9
42121736	Inca Socialism	An interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole.	10
42121737	Twantinsuyu	Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina	11
42121738	Inca	group of clans centered at Cuzco able to create empire in Andean civilization	12
42121739	Pachacuti	Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca	13
42121740	Tupac Yupanqui	ruled 1471-1493; extended northward; rebuilt Quito	14
42121741	Huayna Capac	Inca ruler of Peru 1493-1527; son of Tupac Yupanqui	15
42121742	split inheritance	Inca practice of descent; titles and power went to sucessor; money and land went to male descendants to care for mummy	16
42121743	temple of the sun	Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas	17
42121744	curacas	Ayllu chiefs with priveleges of dress and access to resources; community leaders among Andean soldiers	18
42121745	Mitmaq	Inca colonists in new regions; could be Quecha-speakers; used to pacify new conquest or conquered population moved to new home	19
42121746	Tambos	Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages	20
42121747	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control.	21
42121748	Quipu	knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the inca to keep financial records	22