New World Beginning Flashcards

33,00 B.C.- A.D. 1769

198175853	nation-state	the modern form of political society that combines centralized government with a high degree of ethnic and cultural unity	1
198175854	matrilinear	the form of society in which family line, power, and wealth are passed primarily through the female side	2
198175855	confederacy	an alliance or league of nations or peoples looser than a federation	3
198175856	primeval	concerning the earliest origin of things	4
198175857	saga	a lengthy story or poem recounting the great deeds and adventures of a people and their heroes	5
198175858	middlemen	in trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original buyers and the retail merchants who sell to consumers.	6
198175859	caravel	a small vessel with a high deck and triangular sails	7
198175860	capitalism	an economic system characterized by private property, generally free trade, and open and accessible markets	8
198175861	encomienda	the Spanish labor system in which persons were held to unpaid service under the permanent control of their masters, though not legally owned by them	9
198175862	mestizo	a person of mixed Native American and European ancestry	10
198175863	province	a medium sized subunit of territory and governmental administration within a larger nation or empire	11
198175864	nationalism	fervent belief and loyalty given to the political unit of nation-state	12
198175865	joint-stock companies	an economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital for investment	13
198175866	charter	a legal document granted by a government to some group or agency to implement a stated purpose, and spelling out the attending rights and obligations	14
198175867	feudal	concerning the decentralized medieval social system of personal obligations between rulers and ruled	15
198175868	toleration	originally, religious freedom granted by an established church to a religious minority	16
198175869	squatter	a frontier farmer who illegally occupied land owners or others or not yet officially opened for settlement	17
198175870	buffer	in politics, a small territory or state between two larger, antagonist powers and intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them	18
198175871	predestination	the Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned	19
198175872	elect	in Calvanist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for salvation	20
198175873	conversion	a religious turn to God, thought by Calvinists to involve an intense, identifiable personal experience	21
198175874	visible saints	those who publicly proclaimed their experience of conversion and were expected to lead godly lives	22
198175875	calling	in Protestantism, the belief that saved individuals have a religious obligation to engage in worldly work	23
198175876	heresy	departure from correct or officially defined belief	24
198175877	seditious	concerning resistance to or rebellion against the government	25
198175878	commonwealth	an organized civil government or social order	26
198175879	autocratic	absolute or dictatorial rule	27
198175880	passive resistance	nonviolent action or opposition to authority in accord with religious or moral beliefs	28
198175881	asylum	a place of refuge and security, especially for the persecuted or unfortunate	29
198175882	proprietary	concerning exclusive legal ownership, as of colonies granted to individuals by the monarch	30
198175883	naturalization	the granting of citizenship to foreigners or immigrants	31
198175884	blue laws	laws designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality	32
198175885	ethnic	concerning diverse peoples or cultures, specifically those of non-Anglo-Saxon background	33
198175886	headright	the right to acquire a certain amount of land granted to the person who finances the passage of a laborer	34
198175887	disenfranchise	to take away the right to vote	35
198175888	menial	fit for servants; humble or low	36
198175889	corporation	a group or institution granted legal rights to carry on certain specified activities	37
198175890	jeremiad	a sermon or prophecy recounting wrongdoing, warning of doom, and calling for repentance	38
198175891	hinterland	an inland region set back from a port, river, or seacoast	39
198175892	social structure	the basic pattern of the distribution of status and wealth in a society.	40
198175893	blue blood	of noble or upper-class descent	41
198175894	sect	Religious groups that had broken away from an established church	42
198175895	agitators	those who seek to excite or persuade the public on some issue.	43
198175896	stratification	the visible arrangement of society into a hierarchical pattern, with distinct social groups layered one on top of the other	44
198175897	mobility	the capacity to pass readily from one social or economic condition to another.	45
198175898	elite	the smaller group at the top of a society or institution, usually possessing wealth, power, or special privileges.	46
198175899	almshouse	a home for the poor, supported by charity or public funds.	47
198175900	gentry	landowners of substantial property, social standing, and leisure, but not titled nobility.	48
198175901	tenant farmer	one who rents rather than owns land.	49
198175902	penal code	the body of criminal laws specifying offenses and prescribing punishments.	50
198175903	veto	the executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law.	51
198175904	apprentice	a person who works under a master to acquire instruction in a trade or profession.	52
200337854	speculation	buying land or anything else in the hope of profiting by an expected rise in price.	53
200337855	revival	in religion, a movement of renewed enthusiasm and commitment, often accompanied by special meetings or evangelical activity.	54
200337856	secular	belonging to the worldly sphere rather than to the specifically sacred or churchly.	55
200337857	domestic	Concerning the internal affairs of a country	56
200337858	minister	In politics, a person appointed by the head of the state to take charge of some department agency of government	57
200337859	magistrate	a civil official charged with upholding the law, often exercising both judicial and executive power	58
200337860	peasant	A farmer of agricultural laborer, sometime legally tied to the land	59
200337861	coureurs des bois	French-Canadian fur trappers (beavers); literally, "runners of the woods."	60
200337862	voyageurs	French-Canadian fur traders and adventurers	61
200337863	flotilla	a fleet of boats, usually smaller vessels	62
200337864	ecological	Concerning the relations between the biological organisms of their environment	63
200337865	mutinous	concerning revolt by subordinate soldiers or seamen against their commanding officers	64
200337866	strategic	concerning the placement and planned movement of large-scale military forces so as to gain advantage, usually prior to actual engagement with the enemy	65
200337867	guerilla warfare	Unconventional combat waged by small military units using hit-and-run tactics.	66
200337868	buffer	A territory between two hostile states, designed to soften an attack from one or the other side	67
200337869	siege	a military operation of surrounding and attacking a fortified place, often over a sustained period.	68
200337870	regulars	trained professional soldiers, as distinct from militia or conscripts	69
200337871	commissions	an official certification granting a commanding rank in the armed forces	70