Chapter 4 part 2 Flashcards

255953457	Philosophy	A search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observable means	0
255953458	Cosmos	Universe	1
255953459	Natural Law	Set of phenomena in nature that when properly understood explain why certain things happen	2
255953460	Epistemology	Study or theory of nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference to its limits and validity	3
255953461	Socrates	Philosopher in Greece in the Classical age of philosophy, 470-399 BC. Created Socratic method of teaching used today, wanted his students to challenge something then prove its validity. His writings all written by his student Plato.	4
283122045	Plato	Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society	5
283122046	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.	6
283122047	Ecclesiastical	having to do with the church	7
283122048	Hubris	arrogance	8
283122049	Homer	ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)	9
283122050	Hetairay	Entertainer prostitutes	10
283122051	Alexander the Great	son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world	11
283122052	Cynicism	n. Contempt for the opinions of others and of what others value.	12
283122053	Epicureanism	philosophy founded by Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life	13
283122054	Stoicism	the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno -- emphasized reason as a means of understanding the natural state of things, or logos, and as a means of freeing oneself from emotional distress	14