Chap 11 Soc Flashcards

55131448	Indian	misnomer created by Columbus referring to indigenous peoples of New World; implies social and ethnic commonality among Native Americans that did not exist; still used to apply to Native Americans	0
55131449	Pre-Columbian	refers to north and south America before the arrival of Columbus (before arrival of western influence)	1
55131450	Calpulli	clans in Aztec society; later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors	2
55131451	Chinampas	beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs	3
55131452	Pochteca	special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items	4
55131453	Twantinsuyu	Word for Inca Empire	5
55131454	Pachacuti	Ruler of Inca society from 1438-1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca	6
55131455	Huacas	sacred spirits and powers that resided or appeared in caves, mountains , rocks, rivers, and other natural phenomena; typical of Andean societies.	7
55131456	tambos	way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used	8
55131457	mita	labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control	9
55131458	quipu	system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of info for census and financial records.	10
55131459	Tula	city of Toltecs	11
55131460	Tenochtitlan	city of aztecs	12
55131461	Cuzco	city of Incas	13
55131462	Curacas	local rulers from conquered lands/peoples	14
55131463	Quechua	Language of Inca empire	15
55131464	Pachacuti	Inca ruler who extended empire from Cuzco to lake Titicaca through military campaigns and alliances	16
55131465	split inheritance	all political power and titles of the ruler went to his successor; all wealth and possessions remained with male descendants	17
55239795	Yanas	permanent slaves, artisans, or workers for the inca/inca nobility	18
55239796	Ayllus	Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor.	19
55239797	Andes Mountains	location of Inca empire	20
55239798	Topiltzin	most influential toltec leader; dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl	21
55239799	Quetzalcoatl	Toltec god that look like a feathered serpent; later confused with Topiltzin	22
55239800	upper class-nobles and priests; middle class-merchants	2 most powerful socail classes in Aztec	23
55239801	fertility and agricultural cycle, creator deities, warfare and human sacrifice	3 main cults of Aztec religion	24
55239802	Aztec social hierarchy	priests/nobles, merchants, serfs, slaves	25
55239803	Aztec political hierarchy	king, prime minister, council of speakers, regional lords(local leaders)	26
55240001	Taino	first tribe Columbus met	27
55240002	Huitzipochtli	patron god of aztec tribe	28