World History Notecards set 2 Flashcards

204310175	Nomads	people with no permanent home; move from place to place in search of food	0
204310176	Pastoral Society	A society that domesticates and herds animals as its primary source of food	1
204310177	Foraging Society	Any human culture or society that depends on a combination of hunting, fishing, and gathering wild foods for subsistence.	2
204310178	Domestication	the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food	3
204310179	Food Surplus	extra food creation that allows people to engage in activities besides farming	4
204310180	Job Specialization	The responsibilities of each job position are explicitly defined, and there is a precise division of labor within the organization	5
204310181	Barter	exchange goods without involving money	6
204310182	Civilization	a society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes	7
204310183	Polytheism	belief in multiple Gods	8
204310184	Ziggurat	a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians	9
204310185	Code of Hammurabi	the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety	10
204310186	Cuneiform	an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia	11
204310187	The Epic of Gilgamesh	a Mesopotamian story that tells about the quest for immortality and the inevitability of death, and which includes a flood story similar to that of Noah's Ark. This epic is important because it illustrates the Israelites' same fear of death and desire for immortality.	12
204310188	Pharaoh	the title of the ancient Egyptian kings	13
204310189	Hieroglyphics	an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds	14
204310190	Monotheism	belief in a single God	15
204310191	Akhenaten	early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with sun worship (died in 1358 BC)	16
204310192	Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro	large cities along the Indus River by 2500 BCE; running water, distinctive alphabet, and artistic forms	17
204310193	Aryans	nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system	18
204310194	Dravidians	one of the main groups of people in India; probably descended from the Indus River culture that flourished at the dawn of Indian civilization over 4,000 yrs. ago	19
204310195	Dharma	in Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste	20
204310196	Vedas	Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.	21
204310197	Chandragupta Maurya	king, founder of the Mauryan Empire	22
204310198	Caste System	a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity	23
204310199	Brahmins	Priests, at the top of the caste system which the Aryans made	24
204310200	Untouchables	lowest class of people in the caste system of Hinduism, do all the dirty work of society	25
204310201	Varnas	Social classes in Indian society	26
204310202	Karma	(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation	27
204310203	Reincarnation	the Hindu or Buddhist doctrine that person may be reborn successively into one of five classes of living beings (god or human or animal or hungry ghost or denizen of hell) depending on the person's own actions	28
204310204	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	29
204310205	Nirvana	the lasting peace that Buddhists seek by giving up selfish desires	30
204310206	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddhism	31
204310207	Four Noble Truths	1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path	32
204310208	Asoka	The grandson of Chandragupta, who is considered the best leader of the Mauryan Empire.	33
204310209	Missionaries	people who work to spread their religious beliefs	34
204310210	Oracle Bones	animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future	35
204310211	Bronze Metallurgy	gave aristocrats in the Shang dynasty power because they had a monopoly on bronze tools	36
204310212	Mandate of Heaven	a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source	37
204310213	Dynastic Cycle	the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties	38
204310214	Era of Warring States	The period of Chinese history between c. 500 and 220 B.C.E. characterized by the breakdown of the central government and feudal war.	39
204310215	Confucious	A Chinese philosopher of the Zhou Dynasty, developed a code of behavior based on old traditions, good behavior, and truth.	40
204310216	Main Ideas of Confucianism	(1) the rectification of names, (2) the relationship between human-heartedness and righteousness and (3) knowing Ming or fate.	41
204310217	filial piety	in Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors	42
204310218	Dao	The proper way Chinese kings were expected to rule under the mandate of heaven.	43
204310219	Legalism	strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit	44