Unit 5 Vocab #3 Flashcards

162743372	Helsinki Accords	A 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by Western European countries and the Soviet Union	0
162743373	Hubble Space Telescope	Optical telescope that was placed in Earth orbit by the space shuttle in 1990. Hubble now produces accurate images of bodies that cannot be observed clearly by terrestrial telescopes due to atmospheric distortion.	1
162743374	International Space Station	A vehicle sponsored by sixteen nations that circles the earth while carrying out experiments	2
162743375	Service Industries	Occupations that provide a service rather than a manufactured or agricultural product	3
162743376	Sputnik	World's first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Weighing 83.5kg (184lb) and with a radio transmitter, Sputnik 1 circled the Earth for several months.	4
162743377	Cubism	A school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms	5
162743378	Balfour Declaration	British minister Lord Balfour's promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine issued in 1917	6
162743379	Kabuki theater	A form of Japanese theater developed in the seventeenth century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting	7
162743380	Mass consumerism	Trade in products designed to appeal to a global market	8
162743381	National Organization of Women	(NOW) U.S. organization founded in 1969 to campaign for women's rights	9
162743382	New Deal	U.S. President Roosevelt's program to relieve the economic problems of the Great Depression; it increased government involvement in the society of the United States	10
162743383	No theater	The classical Japanese drama with music and dances performed on a simple stage by elaborately dressed actors	11
162743384	Welfare state	A nation in which the government plays an active role in providing services such as social security to its citizens	12
162743385	Green Revolution	A program of improved irrigation methods and the introduction of high-yield seeds and fertilizers and pesticides to improve agricultural production; the Green Revolution was especially successful in Asia but also was used in Latin America	13
162743386	Guest workers	Workers form North Africa and Asia who migrated to Europe during the late twentieth century in search of employment; some guest workers settled in Europe permanently	14
162743387	Ozone depletion	The thinning of the layer of the gas ozone high in the earth's atmosphere; ozone serves as a protection against the sun's ultraviolet rays	15
162743388	Coup d'état	Sudden overthrow of a government	16
162743389	Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere	The pseudo-political and economic union of Japanese-dominated Asian and Pacific territories during World War II. By the end of the war, the Co-Prosperity Sphere had become an object of hatred and ridicule.	17
162743390	Weimar Republic	The republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933.	18
162743391	Viet Minh	Communist-dominated Vietnamese nationalist movement; operated out of base in southern China during WW II; employed guerilla tactics similar to Maoists in China.	19
162743392	Propaganda	Information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause.	20
162743393	European Union	Began as European Economic Community (or Common Market), an alliance of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, to create a single economic entity across national boundaries in 1958; later joined by Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Austria, Finland, and other nations for further European economic integration.	21
162743394	Viet Cong	Name given to the by the Diem regime to the communist guerilla movement in southern Vietnam; reorganized with northern Vietnamese assistance as the National Liberation Front in 1958.	22
162743395	African National Congress	Black political organization within South Africa; pressed for end to policies of apartheid; sought open democracy leading to black majority rule; until 1990s declared illegal	23
162743396	Free Officers Movement	Military nationalist movement in Egypt founded in the 1930s; often allied with the Muslim Brotherhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government from khedive in July 1952	24
162743397	Dien Bien Phu	Most significant victory of the Viet Minh over French colonial forces in 1954; gave the Viet Minh control of northern Vietnam	25
162743398	National Liberation Front	(FLN) Radical nationalist movement in Algeria; launched sustained guerilla was against France in the 1950s; success of tactics led to independence of Algeria in 1958	26
162743399	Afrikaner National Party	Emerged as the majority party in the all-white South African legislature after 1948; advocated complete independence from Britain; favored a rigid system or racial segregation called apartheid	27
162743400	Muslim League	Founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for separate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division within Indian nationalist movement	28
162743401	Atlantic Charter of 1941	World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization	29
162743402	Total War	A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort.	30
162743403	Vichy	French collaborationist government established in 1940 in southern France following defeat of French armies by the Germans	31
162743404	Politburo	Executive committee of the Soviet Communist party; 20 members	32
162743405	Twenty-one Demands	Twenty-one Demands (1915), instrument by which Japan secured temporary hegemony over China. Japan used its declaration of war against Germany (Aug., 1914) as grounds for invading Kiaochow, the German leasehold in Shandong prov., China. Disregarding the Chinese request to withdraw, Japan secretly presented (1915) President Yüan Shih-kai with an ultimatum comprising 21 demands divided into five sections.	33