gacs apworld ch11 voc Flashcards

38302213	Indian	Misnomer created by Columbus when referring to indigenous American peoples; implies social and ethnic commonalty that did not exist among Native Americans; still used to describe Native Americans	0
38302214	Toltecs	Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice.	1
38302215	Aztecs	The Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that penetrated into the sedentary zone of the Mesoamerican plateau after the fall of the Toltecs; established empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco.	2
38302216	Tenochtitlan	Founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power.	3
38302217	Huitzilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god.	4
38302218	Chinampas	Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rootedin lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs.	5
38302219	Pochteca	Merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items.	6
38302220	Inca socialism	An interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole.	7
38302221	Inca	Group of clans (ayllu) centered at Cuzco; created an empire in the Andes during the 15thcentury; also title of the ruler.	8
38302222	Split inheritance	Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to the successor, but wealth and land remained in the hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca's mummy.	9
38302223	Temple of the Sun	Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas.	10
38302224	Tambos	Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages.	11
38302225	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential part of Inca control.	12
38302226	Quipu	System of knotted strings used by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records.	13
38302227	Hernan Cortes	(1485 - 1547) Led expedition of 600 Spanish soldiers to coast of Mexico in1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Tenochtitlan.	14
38302228	Anasazi	Native American culture which thrived in the Southwest from 200 to 1200 C.E.;known for cliff dwellings and maize growing.	15
38302229	Hopewell	Native American culture which centered in the Ohio valley from 200 to 500 C.E.; known for earthen burial and defensive mounds.	16
38302230	Flowery death	Death while taking prisoners for the sacrificial knife.	17