Major Belief Systems Flashcards
Includes: Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Confucianism, Daoism, and Polytheism.
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| 204900666 | Polytheism | belief in or worship of more than one god or deity | 0 | |
| 204900669 | Hebrew Bible | A collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the early Hebrew people. Most of the extant text was compiled by members of the priestly class in the fifth century B.C.E. | 1 | |
| 204900670 | Abraham | Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command. | 2 | |
| 204900671 | Diaspora | A Greek word meaning 'dispersal,' used to describe the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland. Jews, for example, spread from Israel to western Asia and Mediterranean lands in antiquity and today can be found in other places. | 3 | |
| 204900672 | Jesus of Nazareth | a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (Jesus = Messiah) | 4 | |
| 204900673 | Monotheism | Belief in a single divine entity. The Israelite worship of Yahweh developed into an exclusive belief in one god, and this concept passed into Christianity and Islam. | 5 | |
| 204900674 | atman | the individual self (soul), known after enlightenment to be identical with Brahman. | 6 | |
| 204900675 | karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation | 7 | |
| 204900676 | darma | doing one's moral duty in this life so that the soul can advance in the next life | 8 | |
| 204900677 | moshka | The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths. (One-ness with the Ultimate Reality) | 9 | |
| 204900678 | Vishnu | Vishnu is a Hindu god who, in the trinity of gods, is the Preserver | 10 | |
| 204900679 | Shiva | an important Hindu deity who in the trinity of gods was the Destroyer | 11 | |
| 204900680 | mudras | Choreographed hand movements used in the rituals of Vajrayana Buddhism. | 12 | |
| 204900681 | Vedas | sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests | 13 | |
| 204900682 | Rig Veda | A collection of 1,017 Sanskrit hymns composed about 1500 BC or earlier; Hinduism's oldest sacred text. | 14 | |
| 204900683 | nirvana | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation Ex. characterized by the extinction of desire and suffering and individual consciousness | 15 | |
| 204900684 | Buddha | An Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his wealth and social position. After becoming 'enlightened' (the meaning of Buddha) he enunciated the principles of Buddhism. | 16 | |
| 204900685 | Eight Fold Path | Eight steps to end suffering according to Buddhist tradition., 1- Right Conduct, 2- Right Speech, 3- Right means of livelihood, 4- Right knowledge, 5- Right intention, 6- Right effort, 7- Right mindfulness, 8- Right concentration | 17 | |
| 204900686 | Four Noble Truths | 1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path | 18 | |
| 204900687 | Confucius | Chinese philosopher, administrator, and moralist. His social and moral teachings, collected in the Analects , tried to replace former religious observances | 19 | |
| 204900688 | The Analects | Written by Confucius, or "The Master." Lists Confucius' great ideas on moral behavior. | 20 | |
| 204900689 | yin-yang | Opposite forces in harmony. | 21 | |
| 204900690 | reciprocity | people give and take equally within the context of five basic relationships; parent and child, sovereign and minister, husband and wife, older and younger brother, friend and friend | 22 | |
| 204900691 | Xiao | filial piety, the virtue of reverence and respect for family (CONFUCIANISM) | 23 | |
| 204900692 | Ren | The Confucian virtue of ____ ("benevolence" or "humaneness") means that a person will always do what is right, regardless of the consequences. | 24 | |
| 204900693 | Li | Orderly rituals, demonstrates respect and reciprocity | 25 | |
| 204900694 | Laozi | the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism) | 26 | |
| 204900695 | Daoism | China's second most influential system after Confucianism. (More spiritual) | 27 | |
| 204900696 | Tao | "The Way"; indefinable but like nature, naturalness | 28 | |
| 204900697 | Judaism | First monotheistic religion that greatly influenced Christianity and Islam. | 29 | |
| 204900698 | Islam | Originated from Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula and gradually spread to the Middle East, Western India, Western China, Saharan Africa, and Moorish Spain. (Lack of hierarchical structure) | 30 | |
| 204900699 | Allah | Islamic God (one god) | 31 | |
| 204900700 | Muhammad | "Seal of the Prophets" (Jewish Abraham, Moses; Christian Jesus, Muhammad) | 32 | |
| 204900701 | Five Basic Pillars | Faith, charity, fasting, pilgrimage, prayer | 33 | |
| 204900702 | Christianity | Teachings of Jesus / One God | 34 | |
| 204900703 | Gospels | Main sources of Jesus early teachings (Sacred Text = Bible) | 35 |