Chapter 2: The First River-Valley Civilizations (3500

Chapter 2: The First River-Valley Civilizations (3500 - 1500 B.C.E.) Flashcards

201706216	civilization	an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached	0
201706217	floodplains	a nearly flat plain, alongside a stream or river, that floods naturally	1
201706218	Babylon	the most important city in Mesopotamia during the first and second millennia B.C.E.	2
201706219	Sumerians	the earliest people in Mesopotamia (during the "historical period")	3
201706220	Semitic	family of languages spoken (long-term) across parts of western Asia and Northern Africa; included Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician; most modern widespread = Arabic	4
201706221	city-state	independent ancient urban centers and the agricultural territories they controlled	5
201706222	Hammurabi	Amorite ruler of Babylon from r. 1792-1750; he conquered many city-states in northern and southern Mesopotamia; best known for a code of laws inscribed on a black stone pillar (whcih stated legal case principles)	6
201706223	scribe	one who copied manuscripts before the invention of printing	7
201706224	ziggurat	a multistory, mudbrick, pyramid-shaped tower approached by ramps and stairs	8
201706225	writing	printing on paper	9
201706226	technology	the number of ways in which social groups provide themselves with the material objects of their civilization	10
201706227	irrigation	applying water to land for growth of crops	11
201706228	Nubia	the southern part of Egypt and northern Sudan	12
201706229	amulet	a small charm meant to protect the bearer from evil	13
201706230	cuneiform	early pictures styilized into a combo of strokes and wedges	14
201706231	pharaoh	the central figure of the Egyptian state	15
201706232	ma'at	the divinely authorized order of the universe	16
201706233	pyramid	smooth, steeply sloping sided tombs; most memorable symbol of ancient Egypt	17
201706234	Memphis	a ruined city in lower Egypt, on the Nile River, south of Cairo; the ancient capital of Egypt	18
201706235	Thebes	an ancient city in upper Egypt, on the Nile River, located on the modern towns of Karnak and Luxor	19
201706236	hieroglyphics	the earliest writing system whose symbols stood for words, syllables, or individual sounds	20
201706237	papyrus	the material on which to write; made from the papyrus plant; used by ancient Egyptians and Greeks and Romans	21
201706238	mummy	a dead, dried, and preserved human being preserved by the ancient Egyptians	22
201706239	Harappa	a Bronze Age culture that flourished in the Indus Valley	23
201706240	Mohenjo-daro	near the Indus valley; six successive ancient cities were built here	24
201706241	systems failure	...	25
201706242	domestication	to tame or culture for human use	26
201706243	agrarianism	philosophy that agriculture and owning land is the backbone of the economy	27
201706244	nomad	any person or group of people without a permanent home, but moving about constantly, as in search of a pasture	28
201706245	pastorialism	an agricultural way of life that involves raising livestock and usually includes some farming	29
201706246	cycle of civilization	...	30
201706247	institution	a person or thing long established in a place	31
201706248	cultural diffusion	the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another	32
201706249	revolution	a complete cycle of events	33
201706250	sedentary	marked by much sitting	34
201706251	polytheism	belief in more than one good	35
201706252	patriarchal societies	the idea that the man was in charge of the family	36
201706253	society	a group of people forming a single community	37
201706254	culture	learned patterns of action and expression.	38