AP World History Ray ch.11 terms Flashcards

14221501	Indian	Misnomer created by Columbus referring to indiginous peoples of New World.	0
14221502	Toltecs	Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of the sedentary agricultural area of Mesoamarica.	1
14221503	Aztecs	The Mexaca; one of the nomad tribes that used political anarchy after fall of Toltecs to penetrate into sedentary agricultural zone of Mesoamerica plateau.	2
14221504	Tenochtitlan	Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texoco; became center of Aztec power.	3
14221505	Tlacaelel	Advisor to Aztec rulers from 1427 to c. 1480; had histories of Mexico rewritten.	4
14221506	Huitcilopochtli	Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god.	5
14221507	Calpulli	Seven clan in Aztec society, later expanded to more than sixty; divided into residential groupings that distributed land and provided lador and warriors.	6
14221508	Chinampas	Beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames of caneand rooted in lakes to create "floating islands", system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs.	7
14221509	Pochteca	Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items.	8
14221510	Inca Socialism	A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia.	9
14221511	Twantinsuyu	Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastwart to northern Argentina.	10
14221512	Inca	Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire in Andean civilization.	11
14221513	Pachachuti	Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca.	12
14221514	Topac Yupanqui	Pachacuti's son and successor from 1471 to 1493; conquered northern coastal kingdom of Chimor by seizing it's irrigation system; extended Inca control into the southern area of what is now Ecuador.	13
14221515	Huayna Capac	ruler from 1493 to 1527; consolidated conquests and suppressed rebellions on the frontier.	14
14221516	Split Inheritance	Inca practice of decent; all titles and political power went to succesor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male decendants for suppot and cult of dead Inca's mummy.	15
14221517	Temple of the Sun	Inca religious center locates at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas.	16
14221518	Mitmaq	Inca colonists in new regions; used to pacify new conquest or conquered population moved to new home.	17
14221519	Tambos	Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouseslsupple centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages.	18
14221520	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the region; an essential aspect of Inca inperial control.	19
14221521	Quipu	System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writting system.	20