Chapter 4: Greece & Rome Flashcards

202069635	politics	What the Greek genius was in, and along with geometry and anatomy, this was one of the Greek's greatest contribution to science	0
202069636	engineering	What the Roman genius was	1
202069637	Democratic city-states	What Greek politics was noted for its formation of	2
202069638	Local politicians and religious diversity	What the Roman Empire tolerated	3
202069639	The landed aristocracy	What the Senate of republican Rome particularly represented	4
202069640	Aristocratic assemblies	What the most characteristic political form in the classical Mediterranean world was	5
202069641	Plato	The Greek philosopher who suggested that human reason could approach an understanding of the perfect forms: the absolutely True, Good, and Beautiful that he believed underlay nature	6
202069642	Science	What Greek society, compared to Rome's, registered special advances in	7
202069643	A diversity of political systems, a more elaborate legal framework, and the idea of active citizenship	What classical Mediterranean society differed from classical China by	8
202069644	Military service, working in the mines, household care and tutoring, and agricultural labor	What Roman slaves were used for	9
202069645	Relatively unstable	What Rome's internal politics were like when Rome expanded the sway of Mediterranean civilization to western Europe	10
202069646	The diversity of political forms of governance, which ranged between democracy and tyranny	What both Greece and Rome experimented in	11
202069647	Crafting a world-class religion	What the Greeks and Romans were never concerned with crafting a world-class religion	12
202069648	The foundations of "classical architecture"	What Greek architecture is considered as having invented	13
202069649	The rise of commercial agriculture in Greece and then around Rome	What one of the prime forces leading to efforts to establish an empire were	14
202069650	Production technology	What Mediterranean society lagged in behind both India and China	15
202069651	Athens and Sparta	The leading city-states that emerged during classical Greece civilization	16
202069652	Through the Middle East, across Persia to the border of India, and southward through Egypt	Where Alexander the Great spread the Macedonian Empire	17
202069653	The three Punic wars (264—146 BCE)	The war in which Rome fought the armies of the Phoenician city of Carthage, situated on the northern coast of Africa, and also when Roman conquest spread more widely	18
202069654	polis	The Greek word for city-state, where the word politics comes from	19
202069655	The Twelve Tables	The first law code of the early Roman republic	20
202069656	Socrates	The Greek philosopher who, in Athens, encouraged his pupils to question received wisdom, on the ground that the chief human duty was the "improvement of the soul"	21
202069657	Euclid	The Greek mathematician who produced what was long the world's most widely used compendiums of geometry	22
202069658	Sophocles	The Athenian dramatist who insightfully portrayed the psychological flaws of his tragic hero Oedipus	23
202069659	The Senate	The most important legislative body in classical Rome	24
202069660	Julius Caesar	Roman dictator who gained control of Rome in 45 BCE and brought an end to the traditional institutions of the Roman state	25
202069661	Zoroastrianism	An early monotheistic religion which came from within the Persian empire	26
202069662	The Sassanid	An empire which arose during Rome's imperial era after being toppled by the Greek leader Alexander the Great	27
202069663	800 BCE	The beginning of the rise of the dynamic city-states of classical Greece	28
202069664	5th century (401—500 BCE)	The high point in the rise of the dynamic city-states of classical Greece with the leadership of the Athenian Pericles	29
202069665	Alexander the Great	The expansionist who briefly united Greece and the Persian Empire	30
202069666	Hellenism	The legacy of the combination of the Grecian and Persian empires	31
202069667	Rome's development as a republic	What began as Hellenism waned	32
202069668	Challenged regional powers and lesser developed cultures	What Rome did to gain more territory and become an empire	33
202069669	Aristocratic rule	What both Greece and Rome tended to emphasize in terms of political forms	34
202069670	Democracy	The most famous Greek political style	35
202069671	Classical Mediterranean political theory	Involved ethics, duties of citizens, and skills, such as oratory	36
202069672	Political legacies of the Mediterranean cultures	An intense loyalty to the state, a preference for aristocratic rule, and the development of a uniform set of legal principles	37
202069673	China, India, and the Mediterranean	The three great classical civilizations	38
202069674	Agriculture	What all three classical civilizations relied on primarily for their economy	39
202069675	All developed into an empire, relied primarily on an agricultural economy, supported the development of science, emphasized clear social strata with a considerably large distance between the elites and the masses	Similarities between the three great classical civilizations	40
202069676	Social mobility (India's restrictive, Rome's fluid), different cultural "glue" (civic duty for Mediterraneans, good reward for good behavior in reincarnation for Indians, and Chinese Confucianism promoted obedience and self-restraint for peace and prosperity)	Differences between the three great classical civilizations	41
202069677	Christianity	The Mediterranean social structure murderer	42
202069678	Fragmentary	How Rome's falll was, collapsing in the Western empire long before the Eastern side	43