Chapter 18 Terms Flashcards

49957715	Ivan III (the great)	prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar-equivalent of emperor	49957715
49957716	Ivan IV (the terrible)	confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with Western European commerce and culture	49957716
49957717	Boyars	Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe	49957717
49957718	Romanov Dynasty	Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles; ruled Russia until 1917	49957718
49957719	Peter I (the great)	son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of Western European models	49957719
49957720	Partitions of Poland	Three separate divisions of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in Eastern Europe	49957720
49957721	Third Rome	Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantine empires; based in part on continuity of Orthodox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453	49957721
49957722	Cossacks	Peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements	49957722
49957723	Alexis Romanov	Second Romanov tsar; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over Russian Orthodox church	49957723
49957724	St. Petersburg	New capital of Russia established during the reign of Peter the Great.	49957724
49957725	Obrok	Labor obligations of Russian peasants to either their aristocratic landlords or to the state; typical of increased labor burdens placed on Russian peasantry during the 18th century	49957725
49957726	Radishev	Name the radical who urged the abolition of serfdom during the reign of Catherine the Great.	49957726
49957727	Time of Troubles	Followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.	49957727
49957728	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization	49957728
49957729	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry	49957729
49957730	Pugachev Rebellion	During 1770s in reign of Catherine the Great; led by cossack Emelyan Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter	49957730