Unit 7 South and Southeast Asia Notes Flashcards

Mr K's unit 7 south and southeast asia apwh notes

113491915	Mauryan Empire	(321 BCE-185 BCE) After Alexander conquered India. Empire started in Ganges Valley Region and Magadha in the East, then spread throughout all of current day India and Pakistan. Key Leaders: Chandragupta, Kuatalya, Ashoka. Chandragupta- the creator of the empire. Kuatalya- the enforcer of the law book called Arthasahastra, and Ashoka who conquered southern Kalinga and then felt guilty and became a Buddhist. Ashoka was Chandragupta's grandson. Ashoka built great capital, trade (agriculture), and a central treasury (taxes)	0
113491916	Mauryan leaders and time periods	Chandragupta (322-269 BCE) Kuatalya Ashoka (269-232 BCE)	1
113491917	Gupta Empire	(1 CE- 300 CE) revival of Mauryan empire, but was much smaller. started again in Ganges Valley and Magadha in the east and spread under three key leaders: Chandra Gupta, Sumadra Gupta, Chandra Gupta II. They were not related to the Chadragupta of the Mauryan empire. They built elaborate roads connecting to the Silk road, developed excellent military tactics, created trade. fell to white Huns.	2
113491918	Gupta Empire leaders and time periods	Chandra Gupta (320-350 CE) Sumadra Gupta (350-370 CE) Chandra Gupta II (375- 415 CE)	3
113491919	Harsha's kingdom	(606-648 CE) tried to bring back centralized imperial rule. had a military that included 20,000 cavalry, 50,000 infantry and 5,000 war elephants. he was a scholar and Buddhist, very generous to his subjects. Kingdoms after Gupta Empire were to secure and powerful. Was assassinated and his small empire disintegrated.	4
113491920	Indian Disunity Before 1000 CE	India was disunified. In 550 the Gupta Empire collapsed (last nation). 700s CE-Muslims started to reach India and in 1000 CE were ready to take it over	5
113491921	Muslim Invasions and Delhi Sultanate	1022- Muslim warlords seized India's Punjab province. 1206-Muslims captured Delhi. 1206-1520s-Muslims established Delhi Sultanate, ruled by Muhammad Ghuri. Then Il Tutmish. Muslims spread Islam but didn't replace Hinduism and Buddhism. Delhi Sultanate reached its peak under Muhammed Ibn Tughluq (1325-1351). Then south broke up, Timur invaded. Muslims Abbasid Dynasty collapsed in 1258 which led to the independent southern states of India	6
113491922	Delhi Sultanate and its leaders	from 1206-1526 CE 1173-1192 CE Muhammad Ghori 1236-1240 CE Princess Razia Sultana 1325-1351 CE Muhammad Ibn Tughluq	7
113491923	Independent Southern States	100 BCE-1900 CE Tamil Kingdoms- Chola, Pandya and Chera 1300s breakup of Delhi Sultanate led to more southern states. 1338-Bengal, 1347- Bahmani Kingdom, 1390- Gujarat city, 1336- Vijayanagara Empire, Malibar city states formed on Indian Coast.	8
113491924	Collapse of Delhi Sultanate	began to lose territory in 1300s. Ransacked by Timur (Mongol leader) in 1398. Delhi Sultanate steadily weakened during 1400s.	9
113491925	Babur the Tiger	Mongol warlord-launched full sclae invasion of India from the North in 1948. with army of only 12,000 troops, he defeated a force 10 times the size of his own. In 1526 (after the battle of Panipat) he founded his own government. Died in 1530.	10
113491926	The Mughal Empire (they were turkish)	Babur's government called Mughal empire. Empire continued 200 years after Babur's death. All the Mughal rulers were Muslim. Mughal empire was one of 3 great Muslim empires: Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid. all 3 were "gunpowder" empires. in 1600s lost ground to Europe (unlike Ottoman and Safavid). 1st capital: Agra (Taj Mahal), 2nd capital Delhi (peacock thrown). Traded cotton, Hinduism,Buddhism, women aristocrats awarded titles, architecture, painting, poetry, Hindu gods. Aurangzeb (Akbar's great grandson) was a militant Muslims, forced people to Islam, which weakened economy and led to empire's decline (1700s)	11
113491927	Mughals or Mongols (1526-1827 CE) their leaders	1398 CE: Timur 1526-1530: Babur the Tiger 1556-1605 CE: Akbar the Great 1658-1707 CE: Aurangzeb	12
113491928	Akbar the Great	(1556-1605) Grandson of Babur. completed conquest of India. Great commander. heavy artillery, government with tax code, legal system, religious tolerance.	13
113491929	Arrival of Europeans	1498- Portuguese trader Vasco de Gama arrived. Then Spanish came, Dutch, French, and English (1600s). Bombay ceded to English in 1661. Dutch established Colombo, Portuguese established Calcutta. 1740s- British and French fought to control India, English expelled French by 1750s. Ghandi became political activist and father of India in early 1900s to fight off British Imperialism. was Hindu, lived meagerly, protested and fasted-Great Salt March, Muslim/Hindu riots, etc.	14
113734552	Indian Ocean Trade	trading network tied together East Africa, Arabian peninsula, Persian Gulf, India, The Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, China and Japan. West was controlled by Arab Traders (ivory, animal hides, timber, gold, slaves). Middle East- textiles, carpets, glass, and horses. India-gems, elephants, salt, cotton. Sri Lanka- cinnamon. China-silk, porcelain, paper. Japan-silver. Major ports-Indian Ocean-Sofala, Mombasa, Mogadishu, East Africa ports-Jidda, Mecca, Ormuz. West India- Cambay, Calicut, China- Hangzhou. This trade network connected the Red Sea, Suez Isthmus, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea	15
113734553	Geography of Southeast Asia	3 zones: The mainland-through which flows the Mekong River. The Malay peninsula. And the Archipelagos of the Indian Ocean and South China Sea (volcanic islands). The climate is tropical, terrain is mountainous, and rainforests. Between 3000 and 2000 BCE. Early people were also bronze workers and navigators.	16
113734554	Southeast Asian States	Funan (200-500 Malay), Chenla (500 Cambodia), Burma (500), Thai (500), Vietnamese states of Champa and Annam. All early states were influenced by China and India. SE Asian states were key players in Indian Ocean trade.	17
113734555	Cambodia	Cambodia-Khmer empire (500s-1454 CE) reached its peak during Angkot period (889-1454). Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom were capitals built during 1100s. Rulers were aggressive expanding to Burma and Malay. Influenced by India-Hinduism, Buddhism. 21,000 temples	18
113734556	Sumatra	Sumatra- Srivijayan empire (500s-1100s). Capital was on Indonesian Island of Sumatra. 600s- gained control of Indonesia and Malay trade routes. Influenced by India-Hinduism, Buddhism, Borobudor temple. Tamil Kingdoms attacked in 1000s led to decline Kertanagara empire took over during 1200s.	19
113734557	Polynesia	2500 BCE-900 CE left Phillippines and Indonesia and settled throughout thousands of Pacific Islands. Oceania. Root farmers, taro, sweet potatoes. Raised pigs, chickens. Fishers, tribes with cheifs, taboo sailors. Waves of migration-Micronesia-Melanesia-New Guinea-Australia-Fiji-Polynesia-Hawaii-easter island society.	20
115540131	Colonialism	the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. the process whereby sovereignty over the colony is claimed by the metropolitan center and the social structure, government , and economics of the colony are changed by the colonists-people from the metropolitan center. a set of unequal relationships: between the metropolitan center and the colony; between the colonists and indigenous. Term normally refers to a period of history from the late 15th to 20th century when European nation states established colonies on other continents. In this period, the justifications for colonialism included various factors such as the profits to be made, the expansion of the power of the metropolitan center and various religious and political beliefs. Colonialism and imperialism were ideologically linked with mercantilism.	21
115540132	imperialism	"the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination." The imperialism of the last 500 years is described in the above work as a primarily western undertaking that employs "expansionist-mercantilism and latterly communist-systems". Geographical domains include the Mongolian empire, Roman empire, Ottoman empire, Holy Roman empire, Portuguese empire, Spanish empire, Dutch empire, Persian empire, French empire, Russian empire, Chinese empire, or British empire, but the term can equally be applied to domains of knowledge, beliefs, values and expertise, such as the empires of Christianity or Islam. Imperialism is usually autocratic and also sometimes monolithic (i.e. having a massive, unchanging structure that does not permit individual variation) in character	22
116259584	Mahatma Ghanhdi	1893-1948 CE was a lawyer. racial prejudice inspired him. went from wearing a suit to a piece of cloth. he started protests for minorities. goes to South Africa where there are a lot of Indians mining. They burned ID badges as a protest in South Africa. He promoted non-violence and had a strike by non-working. Armistar massacre-British slaughtered people meeting there. The Great Salt March was when people marched to see Ghandhi create his own salt (the British put a tax on their salt and no one else was aloud to create their own) This was towards the end of his life. Tried Muslim and Hindu fasts, 2 of them	23
116260985	20th century leaders	1893-1948 CE Mahatma Ghandhi 1950-1962 CE President Rajenda Prasad 2007 CE President Pratibha Patil	24