World History Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards

86644616	Mycenaeans	an Indo-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.	0
86644617	Trojan War	a war, fought around 1200 B.C., in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia	1
86644618	Dorians	a Greek-speaking people that, according to tradition, migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization	2
86644619	Homer	the greatest storyteller who was blind	3
86644620	epics	a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes	4
86644621	myths	a traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society	5
86644622	polis	a Greek city-state--the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 B.C.	6
86644623	acropolis	a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city	7
86644624	monarchy	a government in which power is in the hands of a single person	8
86644625	aristocracy	a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility	9
86644626	oligarchy	a government in which power is in the hands of a few people--especially on in whivh rule is based upon wealth	10
86644627	tyrants	in ancient Greece, powerful individuals who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support	11
86644628	democracy	a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives	12
86644629	helots	in the society of ancient Sparta, peasants bound to the land	13
86644630	phalanx	a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields	14
86644631	Persian Wars	a series of wars in the fifth century B.C., in which Greek city-states battled the Persian empire	15
86644632	direct democracy	a government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives	16
86644633	classical art	the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion were emphasized	17
86644634	tragedy	a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character	18
86644635	comedy	a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire	19
86644636	Peloponnesian War	a war, lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies	20
86644637	philosophers	thinkers who use logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality	21
86644638	Socrates	Critic of the Sophists;encouraged Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral character	22
86644639	Plato	Student of Socrates; philosopher; founded school the Academy	23
86644640	Aristotle	Student of Plato; opened school the Lyceum; philosopher; invented method for arguing according to the rules of logic; taught Alexander	24
86644641	Macedonia	an ancient kingdom north of Greece, whose ruler Philip II conquered Greece in 338 B.C.	25
86644642	Philip II	father of Alexander; king of Macedonia; conquered Greece; wished to invade Persia	26
86644643	Alexander the Great	son of Philip II; successfully invaded Persia; reached Indus Valley	27
86644644	Darius III	Persian king	28
86644645	Hellenistic	relating to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century B.C	29
86644646	Alexandria	named after Alexander the Great; foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization; on Nile delta	30
86644647	Euclid	highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria	31
86644648	Archimedes	gifted in both geometry and physics; inventor of many things and discoverer of mathematical laws and relationships	32
86644649	Colossus of Rhodes	an enormous Hellenistic statue that formerly stood near the harbor of Rhodes	33