Women and Gender Status in World History Flashcards

The packet that we have to know for day 2 of the final

167175807	8000-600: nomadic women	-relatively high status b/c of food gathering responsibilities -not many children b/c of lifestyle	0
167175808	8000-600: early settled, agricultural communities	settled life, surplus of food led to larger # or children. women more tied to home, children, household tasks -men concerned about paternity before male heir to land-->beginnings of patriarchy	1
167175809	8000-600: Egyptian women	-treated w/ more respect, legal rights, social freedoms than other cultures of this time period	2
167175810	Nubia (Kush)	matrilineal more freedoms like in Egypt	3
167175811	8000-600: classic Greeks and Romans	-tight family structure with husband/father in control -women kept at home with little involvement in public/political life though they did serve as priestesses -some active in business and were landowners	4
167175812	8000-600: Early Christianity	-lived in small communal groups -sharing food and income -women sometimes took turns leading religious services	5
167175813	8000-600: Han China Women	-three submissions: parents, husband, then son -arranged marriages -lived w/ husband's family -rigid patriarchy -Confucianism adopted during this time	6
167175814	600-1450: Pre-islamic arab women	-important economic roles in clan life, but performed drudge labor -no veils, no seclusion -multiple marriage partners for both sexes -males honored as warriors so they were favored for property, inheritance, and divorce	7
167175815	600-1450: early islamic women in Umayyad Caliphate	-Muhammad strengthens women's legal inheritance and divorce rights -women only had one husband -men usually had four wives whom he treated equally -adultery equally denounced for both genders -more favorable status of women	8
167175816	600-1450: Abbasid Caliphate	-men said that women had incurable lust so they must be segregated, harems, veiling, male dominance, concubines -poor women economically active -rich women stayed at home	9
167175817	600-1450: Sudanic (grasslands) Africa (Ghana and Mali)	-Muslim women in urban areas not secluded or veiled -participate in public life and private discussions -singers, dancers -relative freedom of action and clothing shocked Ibn battuta -ME demanded these women as concubines/slaves	10
167175818	600-1450: Medieval European Women	-more urban and complex cultre led to male dominance -males reinterpret Bible to placerestrictions on women	11
167175819	600-1450: Aztec Women	-skill in weaving was esteemed -spent a lot of time grinding maize by hand -subordinate to males in political and social life	12
167175820	600-1450: Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1127)	-footbinding of upperclass women in later half of this period -patriarchy of Ne-Confucianism kept women from education, civil service, inheritance, and other rights	13
167175821	600-1450: Heian and Kamakura Japan	-women at court expected to be as cultured as men, but their lives were spent mostly in isolation studying Buddhism and writing -other women became appendages of warrior husbands or fathers -lost ritual roles and were replaced in the the theater by men.	14
167175822	600-1450: Vietnam	-women active in the community, political life, and wet rice farming -most freedom and influence of any women of this time period -Trung sisters led the first century CE revolt against Han invaders-->national heroes	15
167175823	600-1450: Mongol (Later Yuan) Dynasty	-women had greater freedom of movement, rights to property, and other opportunities-->like other nomadic cultures -some hunted and went to war -refused to adopt footbinding when in control of china	16
167175824	600-1450: India (outside mughal empire) regional hindu kingdoms	-patriarchy -sati -child marriages -wedding dowries: meant that females were a burdan to the families which led to occasional infantcide	17
167175825	600-1450: Europe	-marriage among non-elites led to smaller and nuclear families -less harsh discipline of children, more affection btw family members -women were a common target of witchcraft hysteria	18
167175826	600-1450: Latin America	-sexual exploitation of indigenous and African women by European male settlers -small amount of Euro women led to many ethnic intermarriages -women under male authority -upperclass women confined to housework -lower class women active in many economic activities	19
167175827	600-1450: Ottomon and Safavid	-women subordinate to fathers and husbands -elite women had few opportunities for expression outside of home -harems, veiling, concubines continue	20
167175828	600-1450: Mughal india under Akbar	-short lived attempts to outlaw sati -discouraged arranged and child marriages -special market days where women (both hindu and muslim) could come out of homes	21
167175829	600-1450: India after Akbar	-sati increases among upper class -increased arranged/child marriages, seclusion of all women -wedding dowries-->burden on poor families-->female infanticide	22
167175830	600-1450: African Women	-desired for sexual and domestic employment in Ottoman Empire -not as valuable for slavery in W hemisphere - some cultures were matrilineal	23
167175831	600-1450: Ming China	-confined to home, status based on amount of male children -some independence as courtesans and entertainers -some footbinding in upper class -some female infanticide	24
167175832	1750-1914: Western Europe	-lower class women were paid 1/3 men's wages in mines and factories -public education increases for women -elite women influence Enlightenment as writers -organized salons -active in revolutions -slavery abolitionism -early socialism -beginning of women's suffrage movements	25
167175833	1750-1914: Qing China/Manchus (1644-1911)	-working class women work w/ husband in business or fields -confucianist submission, caring for home and family, other work -cannot inherit or own property -footbinding in upper classes -some fight in women's brigades. Taiping rebellionand 1911 revolution -some educational opportunities at Christian missionary schools -some female infanticide	26
167175834	1750-1914: Meiji Japan (1868-1918)	-women from home textile production to industrialized silk/cotton mills -poorly paid single women in grim working conditions. -laws reinforced confucian patriarchy, restrictions of political rights -public education encourages girls to be "good wives, wise mothers"	27
167175835	1750-1914: Latin America	-participated in 1820s independence movements, but no resulting political rights -women owned and operated textile, craft, and food businesses, spin, weave, garden to assist family income -culture of machismo influenced rigid standards of female behavior -primary role as wives and mothers reinforced by catholocism	28
167175836	1750-1914: Sub-saharan Africa	-participate in resistance to colonial rule -performed 85% of all work -men control cattle and livestock -women aren't threatened by slave trade until late 1800s -men had to migrate away to find work--> bad for family unit -islamic expansion influenced women's roles and rights -some educational opportunities at christian missionary schools	29
167175837	1914-present: Western Euro and US	-worked in WWI industries, lost jobs after war -won voting rights -prosperity and falling birth rates created more freedoms -1950s: increased educational opportunities, employment as teachers scretatries clerks and nurses -1960s: later feminist movement-access to birth control, rapidly decreasing birthrates, population declined in some countries (but not necessarily unhealthily)	30
167175838	1914-present: Soviet Union	-rights often meant hard physical labor job for women, then apartment work and children rearing w/ little help from husbands -focus on industrialization and military build-up, few consumer goods, including birthcontrol...about 7 abortions average for married women	31
167175839	1914-present: Japan	-US occupation, education for women, voting, and other legal rights -traditional culture/patriarchy limited female options in reality -university grads often low pay/status "office ladies" until marriage -focus on household tasks and child rearing, husband worked long hours, little recreational and leisure time activities w/ husband or father -->fewer women marry creating a rapidly falling birth rate	32
167175840	1914-present: Latin America	-reformers feared that women tied to the catholic church might become a conservative political force so the role of women slowly changed -activist feminist movement and voting rights did not end male prejudice against equal partition of women in political life -by 1980s women were closest to western female patterns than other non western world religions	33
167175841	1914-present: Women in African and South Asian nationalist movements	-Euro schools in peripheries created educated, articulate and politically active women -full equality after independence not yet reached -super poor education for women -poor sanitation, lack of food, high infant and maternity death rates -male oriented culture -tradition and religious fundamentalism lowered female equality of life and btw genders	34
167175842	1914-present: communist china	-many worked in new occupations -received legal equality to men after 1949 revolution -some freedom in choosing marriage partners but they were expected to work outside of the home -Mao zedong committed to liberation of women-"women hold up half the sky" -gov efforts to lower pop. by limiting amount of children to one (mostly in urban areas) or two children -many aborted female children so they could have males to carry on the family name, perform family rituals, and take care of the elderly parents - severe shortage of young marriageable women	35
167175843	1914-present: India	-British outlawed Sati and female infanticide -less education and health care for girls, abortion of female babies, arranged marriages, dowries, dowry deaths continue in rural areas -severe shortage of young marriageable women -quality of life for females in urban areas improved	36