AP World History chapter 10 Flashcards

250306997	Li Shimin	First emperor of Tang dynasty, ruled 627-649. Li family took over during Sui disorder in 618. Retained Sui governing practices, but allowed local nobles, gentry, officials, and religious establishments to retain power to avoid overcentralization.	0
250306998	Tang Empire	Began with Li Shimin; allowed local nobles/officials to retain power; nobility and emperors descended from Turkic elites in north. Used classic Confucian texts to examine for govt. posts, like Sui. Mahayana Buddhism; capitol Chang'an.	1
250306999	Grand Canal	1,100 mile(1771 km) canal linking Yellow River to Yanzi, built by Sui. Didn't reach capitol Chang'an, but key in transportation network of roads and water transport.	2
250307000	tributary system	from Han times where independent countries acknowledge Chinese supremacy. Tributary state sent regular tribute to capitol Chang'an . Embassies may use to enter Chinese trade system.	3
250307001	bubonic plague	"plague of Justinian" brought to Canton and south China via sea route (Red Sea/Persian Gulf) in early 600s. Plague endemic in rodents, lingered longer then went to Korea, Japan & Tibet w/ diplomatic ties	4
250307002	Uighurs	Turkic group took over Inner Asia and built caravan cities Kashgar and Khotan. Were merchants and scribes for businesses in many languages; adapted Sogdian script to Turkic writing. Mixed Buddhism, north India religious art, East Asian & Islamic dress. Collapsed after half a century.	5
250307003	Tibet	Where China, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Central Asia meet. Chinese Buddhists pilgramaged through to India = alphabet derived from India + art. Indian/Chinese math, astronomy, divination, farming. Greek medicine, Islam + monarchical Iran. Tang princess Kongjo married for alliance, brought Mahayana Buddhism which morphed to Tibetian Buddhism. Good at war. Tried but monastery-destruction plan backfired.	6
250307004	Wu Zhao	Only female emperor of China. Based claim to throne on being a Bodhisattva, and favored Buddhists and Daoists in her govt. Accused of gruesome murders, etc. ruled until old age incapacitated her.	7
250307005	Song Empire	Chinese-speaking in central China in 960. Confucianism; cut off from farther inland so had sea connections. Tired of being a tributary state to Liao, they allied with fellow tributary Jurchens to overthrow Liao. Jurchens became Jin and demanded tributes from them.	8
250307006	junk	China's main ocean vessel. Improved during Song with rudder for steering + water-tight bulkheads. Improvements then copied by Persian Gulf ships.	9
250307007	gunpowder	Song creation to propel clusters of flaming arrows. Used shells against Jurchens in 1100's, but had no major impact because short range meant it was only used for defense.	10
250307008	neo-Confucianism	Song+later versions of Confucian thought. As Zhu Xi said, human nature is moral, rational and essentially good; re-emphasis on individual moral and social responsibility. Ideal was sage.	11
250307009	Zen Buddhism	Chan Buddhism in China, derived from Tang practices from India/Tibet. Son Buddhism in Korea.	12
250307010	movable type	allowed cheaper printing of informational books and test materials. Meant the govt. could promote it's goals through mass production. Movable type may have originated in Korea	13
250307011	Koryo	Became modern Korea. United the peninsula after Silla fell. Amicable with Song; supported Buddhism; used woodblock printing then created moveable type with metal or porcelain.	14
250307012	Fujiwara	Japanese family of priests, bureaucrats, and warriors that controlled power and protected the emperor. Favored Confucian scholars over warriors. Gave local power to warriors, who then overthrew nobles.	15
250307013	Kamakura shogunate	First of three decentralized military govts. In eastern Honshu. These new warlords led to decline of Fujiwara.	16
250307014	Champa rice	originally from India. A fast-maturing rice that Chinese farmers used to improve yields; brought to China via tribute when _________ was a voluntary tributary state to Song.	17