AP World History Chapter 7 Flashcards

221524116	Harun al-Rashid	Most famous of the Abbasid caliphs (786-809); renowned for sumptuous and costly living recounted in The Thousand and One Nights.	0
221524117	Buyids	Persian invaders of the 10th century; captured Baghdad an acted as sultans through Abbasid figureheads.	1
221524118	Seljuk Turks	Nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunni; ruled from the 11th century in the name of the Abbasids.	2
221524119	Crusades	Invasion of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem in the First Crusade and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291.	3
221524120	Saladin	12-century Muslim ruler; reconquered most of the crusader kingdoms. Famous in the Third Crusade along with Richard the Lionhearted of England.	4
221524121	Ibn Khaldun	Great Muslim Historian; author of The Muqaddimah; sought to uncover persisting patterns in Muslim dynastic history.	5
221524122	Rubaiyat	Epic poem of Omar Khayyam; seeks to find meaning in life and a path to union with the divine.	6
221524123	al-Razi	Classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral.	7
221524124	al-Biruni	11th-century scientist; calculated the specific weight of major minerals.	8
221524125	Ulama	Islamic religions scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking.	9
221524126	al-Ghazali	Brilliant Islamic theologian; attempted to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions.	10
221524127	Sufis	Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions.	11
221524128	Mongols	Central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph.	12
221524129	Muhammad ibn Qasim	Arab general who conquered Sind and made it part of the Umayyad Empire.	13
221524130	Arabic Numerals	Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West.	14
221524131	Harsha	7th-century north Indian ruler; built a large state that declined after his death in 646.	15
221524132	Bhaktic Cults	Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses - especially Shiva, Vishnu, and Kali.	16
221524133	Mira Bai	Low-caste woman poet and songwriter in bhaktic cults of Hinduism.	17
221524134	Shrivijaya	Trading empire based on the Malacca Strait; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam.	18
221524135	Malacca	FLourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya.	19
221524136	Demak	Most powerful of the trading states on the north Java coast; converted to Islam and served as a dissemination point to other regions.	20
221524137	Latten Sails	Large triangular sails that are attached to the masts by long booms or yard arms which extend diagonally high across both the fore and art portions of the ship.	21
221524138	Sultan	Word meaning "victorious"; came to designate Muslim rulers.	22
221524139	Holy Land	The region of present-day Israel; includes the city of Jerusalem, which is a holy city to Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.	23
221524140	Chinggis Khan	Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khahan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to the conquest of most of the Islamic world.	24
221524141	Hulegu	Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinngis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257.	25
221524142	Mamluks	Turkic slave-warriors who ruled Egypt and defeated the Mongols to prevent their entry into northern Africa.	26
221524143	Rajas	Term used for Hindu kings.	27
221524144	Sultans of Delhi	Title of the Islamic imperial houses of India, which literally means princes of the heartland.	28