AP World History Flashcards

204333699	How did the societies develop in pre-history?	Hunting gathering, Agriculture, Complex Socities	0
204333700	What was the key issue in pre-history?	Surplus capital	1
204333701	When did the first complex society form?	3500-500 BC	2
204333702	Pre-history	the time before there were any written records	3
204333703	What were the main differences between Hominids and Animals(4)?	adapt environment to themselves, use of tools, language, and complex cooperative social structures	4
204333704	What was the order of evolution?	Australopithecus, Homo erectus, Homo Sapien, Homo Sapien Sapien	5
204333705	Paleolithic Age	"Old Stone Age"; the people were nomadic and hunted and gathered for food	6
204333706	Neandertal	Hunting and Gathering people who lived in east Germany, Africa, and East Asia	7
204333707	Cro-Magnon	The closest Hominid of a current human; had an increased variety of tools and brain	8
204333708	Venus Figurines	mini sexual figures of the Cro-Magnon expressing their interest in fertility	9
204333709	Neolithic Age	"New Stone Age"; the time of the agricultural transition	10
204333710	Agricultural Transition	the gradual change from hunting and gathering to agriculture; allowed for complex society and stable, settled communities	11
204333711	Catal Huyuk	one of the major settlements of the Neolithic Age, in present day Turkey (Anatolia)	12
204333712	Metallurgy	forming weapons and tools out of metal substances, started with copper	13
204333713	What are the 5 characteristics of Civilizations?	record keeping, advanced cities, specialized labor, advanced technology, and complex social institutions	14
204333714	Mesopotamia	the land between the Tigris and Euphrates, had fertile soil and was an ideal place for agriculture	15
204333715	Sumer	Earliest Mesopotamian society; had city-states and dominated public affairs in Mesopotamia	16
204333716	Epic of Gilgamesh	best known reflective literature, compiled 2000 B.C., explored meaning of life and death	17
204333717	Hammurabi	"ruler of the four corners of the world", King of Babylon in 18th century B.C., First law giver	18
204333718	Sargon of Akkad	Creator of the first Empire in Mesopotamia, destroyed city-sates one by one, (2370-2315 B.C.E.), empire collapsed 2150 B.C.E	19
204333719	Nebuchadnezzar	(605-562 B.C.E) Emperor during the New (Chaldean) Empire in Babylon, lavished wealth on Babylon, built hanging gardens,	20
204333720	Kings Saul, David, Solomon	the three kings who united the tribes of Israel at its height; conquered the land between Syria and the Sinai Peninsula	21
204333721	Lex Talionis	the main rule of Hammurabi's code; an eye for an eye	22
204333722	Hammurabi's Code	Laws written by Hammurabi which established high standards of behavior and stern punishments for violators	23
204333723	Assyrians	A hardy people from the northern Mesopotamia who had built a compact state in the Tigris river valley during the nineteenth century B.C.E. who used recently made iron weapons to strengthen their army.	24
204333724	Cuneiform	A writing system that depends on pictures that is useful for purposes like keeping records made by using a stylus fashioned from reed to impress symbols into wet clay.	25
204333725	Hebrews/Jew/Israelites	The first people to introduce a monotheistic religion.	26
204333726	Torah	A book created between 800 and 400B.C.E. by Israelite leaders that is compiled of religious teachings and laws	27
204333727	Phoenicians	People who occupied a narrow coastal plain between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon Mountains who spoke a Semitic Language and referred to themselves as Canaanites. They built some of the best ships of their time and excelled in sea trade	28
204333728	Indo-Europeans	People who came from north of Anatolia who spoke a similar language that has common roots of many languages of Europe today. They were the first people to domesticate horses and migrated all over Eurasia.	29
204333729	Hittites	Some of the most influential Indo-Europeans who introduced war chariots and refined metallurgy of Iron	30
204333730	Menes	the first Egyptian pharaoh (sometimes called Narmer) in 3100 B.C.E, he united northern and southern Egypt under one ruler; founded Memphis	31
204333731	Akhenaten	(1353-1335 B.C.E.) was a monotheistic pharaoh, worshiped the sun god Aten;	32
204333732	Nile	the world's longest river flowing south to north; flood plains of the Nile were used by the Egyptians and Nubians after floods to grow crops.	33
204333733	Nubia	Neighboring Egyptian country (city-state), had constant fights with the Egyptians	34
204333734	Kush	Nubian Kingdom (in the same area); established in 2500 B.C.E.	35
204333735	Pharaoh	the king of Egypt (upper and lower)	36
204333736	Memphis	major Egyptian city, founded by Menes in around 3100 B.C.E.; political center of Egypt	37
204333737	Hyksos	"foreign rulers"; southwest Asian invaders	38
204333738	Hatshepsut	a woman empress of Egypt who was a co-ruler with her son.	39
204333739	Hieroglyphics	"Holy Inscriptions"; the symbols used in Egypt especially on temples	40
204333740	Amon-Re	the principal gods in ancient Egypt; Amon was the air god, Re was the sun god	41
204333741	Osiris	the god of the underworld in Egypt; decided whether the deceased deserved immortality or not	42
204333742	Archaic period	the period of time in the first millennium when the pharaoh's power was the greatest	43
204333743	The Old Kingdom (2600-2160 B.C.E.)	The time in which the pyramids were built and when men were first discovering divine beings such as gods and were starting to worship them	44
204333744	The Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B. C.E.)	The time when Hyksos invaded Egypt with horses-drawn chariots, Pharaonic authority returned, stabilized Egypt and supervised relations with neighboring lands of Nubia, North Africa, and Syria.	45
204333745	The New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.E.)	Pharaohs presided over a prosperous and productive society. Agricultural surpluses supported a population of perhaps four million people as well as an army and an elaborate bureaucracy that divided responsibilities among different offices.	46
204333746	What were the major Societies in South Asia?	Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Pakistan, India, Nepal	47
204333747	Harrapan Society	The gift of the Indus; built by the Dravidians; the two main cities were Mohenjo-Daro and Harrapa (Punjab); cultivated poultry and cotton	48
204333748	Mohenjo-Daro	a main city in the Harrapan society; had a regional center, trade, specialized labor, and used the grid system	49
204333749	What was the reason for the fall of Harrapan?	it is unknown and mysterious	50
204333750	Aryans	lighter skinned invaders from the north, had a pastoral community	51
204333751	Vedas	religion of the Aryans; four main, most important was the Rig Veda; referred to dasas "enemies"	52
204333752	Indra	a vicious war god of the Aryans	53
204333753	Caste System	Brahmin-priests, Kshatriyas-warriors/aristocrats, vaishays-artisans, shudras-peasants	54
204333754	Jati	the subcaste based on occupations and location	55
204333755	Lawbook of Manu	the rules that gave the Aryan males authority over females	56
204333756	Monism	the belief that all reality is ultimately one	57
204333757	Hinduism	a popular Aryan religion, that had elaborate sacrifices to gods	58
204333758	Sanskrit	the sacred language of the Aryans	59
204333759	Upanishads	the religion of a mix between Aryans and Dravidians which stressed Samsara, Brahman, and Moksha	60
204333760	Brahman	the universal soul	61
204333761	Samsara	continuous reincarnation	62
204333762	Karma	what you do in your previous life affects the later life	63
204333763	Moksha	mystical ecstasy; end of Samsara; goal of a Hindu	64
204333764	Yellow River	"China's Sorrow"; the river in China that was unpredictable	65
204333765	Yangshao	the prehistoric society in China	66
204333766	Xia	the first dynasty in China, it had a hereditary monarchy; organized through a village network	67
204333767	Shang dynasty	the second dynasty in China; bronze metallurgy and horse-drawn chariots; burial practice	68
204333768	Zhou dynasty	third dynasty in China; decentralized; "Mandate of Heaven"	69
204333769	Period of Warring States	time in China when there was no sole empire and constant fighting	70
204333770	Oracle Bones	a way of communication with the spirits and gods	71
204333771	Olmecs	"Rubber people"; main agriculture was maize; had ceremonial centers; mysterious decline	72
204333772	Mayans	300-900 BC people of Peru with terrace farming; had huge cities	73
204333773	Tikal	a major ceremonial center of the Mayans	74
204333774	Chicken Itza	a major city in Maya that absorbed many captives from fighting	75
204333775	Popol Vuh	the Mayan creation myth (based of maize and water)	76
204333776	Chavin Cult	a mysterious religion of the Olmecs that was very popular	77
204333777	Teotihuacan	a central American society of the Mayans that had extensive trade	78