Social Structure and Cross-Cultural Connections Flashcards

AP World History Vocabulary

165147099	cultural diffusion	the spread of inventions, foods, trade goods, concepts and practices from one people to another	0
165147100	independent innovation	the unassisted invention or creation of foods, practices, concepts, and ideas without borrowing from other societies.	1
165302637	class distinction	differentiation in status, defined by wealth, ancestry, or occupational function	2
165302638	private property	this concept of owning and having one's own land was formed because of the fact that agriculture had encouraged permanent settlement and technological advancement, making land important.	3
165302639	food surpluses	an excess amount of food produced, more than needed for subsistence, so the people who aren't involved in food production can concern themselves with other skills beneficial to society and themselves.	4
165302640	specialization of labor	a system in which many people started to specialize in certain jobs to help the civilization advance rather than just a focus on self-welfare and subsistence; supported by the Neolithic revolution and the sedentary aspects associated with it	5
165302641	social stratification	phenomenon in which certain social roles have moire power, certain occupations have more value, leading to the emergence of upper and lower classes	6
165302642	hierarchy	a culture's system of ranking social classes	7
165302643	social mobility	how difficult or easy it is for an individual to move from one class to another	8
165302644	caste systems	social hierarchies in which social stratification tended to be extremely strict, sharply drawn, and in which movement from one class was impossible; ex: India	9
165302645	patriarchies	societies in which male domination prevails	10
165302646	monarchy	government led by a single ruler, often justified in religious terms	11
165302647	nobility/aristocracy	most monarchs govern with the assistance of this small upper class which assists with political administration, economic development, military defense, and other matters.	12
165302648	parliament	representative law making body whose members are elected or appointed.	13
165302649	feudal systems	system in which the local authority of individual nobles outweighs the central authority of the monarch	14
165302650	oligarchy	rule by a small elite group, chosen from the wealthy or the aristocracy (ancient land owning)	15
165302651	republic	state in which all or most adult citizens, play some role in government, but not necessarily an EQUAL role	16
165302652	democracy	is a republic that grants more or less equal political rights and opportunities to all adult citizens	17
165302653	theocracy	a government dominated by a religious elite	18
165302654	nations/nation-states	run by centralized governments and united by uniform legal systems and a sense of common national identity...generally shares a common language, ethnicity, religion, cultural heritage	19
165302655	slavery	ownership of human beings by other human beings, often forced to do household tasks and hard labors	20
165302656	Atlantic slave trade	From the 1400s to 1800s time period where the Europeans and Americans transported millions of slaves from Africa to North and South America.	21
165302657	serfdom	majority of a country's peasant would be unfree,but not technically slaves because they had more protections and freedoms. However they were bound to the land they lived on, often vulnerable to the same abuses that slaves where. Persisted until the 1800s as slavery did.	22
165302658	trade	the exchange of goods	23
165302659	Water transport	the movement of goods along rivers, lakeshores, coastlines of oceans and seas	24
165302660	Mediterranean sea	site of international trade	25
165302661	Indian Ocean	important site of international trade in the eastern hemisphere	26
165302662	caravan routes	part of the land routes of Sahara desert's sand roads.	27
165302663	Silk Road	5.000 mile land route, the most important overland trade route, linked China with the Mediterranean coast of the Middle East and by extension to Europe	28
165302664	proselytizing/missionary activity	the spread of religion through cultural contact, deliberately intending to convert, sometimes peaceful or forceful	29
165302665	migration	mass movement of large numbers of people in early periods of global history, having a tremendous effect on the ethnic and cultural makeup of the world's major societies	30
165302666	Great Age of Migrations	the tremendous influx of invaders from 200 to 1000 CE, where a variety of Germanic and Asiatic people moved toward and into Europe, settling throughout Europe and western Asia, playing an immense role in ethnic and cultural development	31