Ch. 18, 19, & 20 Study Guide Flashcards

136337267	Asian	Much of the territory added to the Russian empire was...	0
136337268	Ivan III	Russian ruler who freed a large part of Russia from Mongol control in the 15th century.	1
136337269	Ivan the Great	claimed that Russia had succeeded the Roman and the Byzantine Empires as the "Third Rome".	2
136337270	Cossacks	peasants that were recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in the Russian Empire.	3
136337271	Romanov family	chosen in 1613 to establish a new ruling dynasty in Russia.	4
136337272	Alexis Romanov	tsar responsible for the abolition of the assemblies of the nobles and reform of the Orthodox church.	5
136337273	The Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept tsarist reforms of the Orthodox church.	6
136337274	Peter the Great	under his reign, Russia went to war with Sweden and, as a result, gained territory on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.	7
136337275	Baltic Sea	became critical to the development of Russian power during the reign of Peter the Great.	8
136337276	Catherine the Great	powerful ruler of Russia following Peter the Great.	9
136337277	Alaska, parts of Siberia, and the Pacific coast of North America	Territories colonized or claimed by the Russian Empire during the reign of Catherine the Great.	10
136337278	1649	Russian serfdom became hereditary.	11
136337279	Pugachev	cossack that led a peasant rebellion in Russia in the 1770s.	12
136337280	Characteristics of both Europe and Russia	rigid serfdom, dominant aristocracy, and the lack of a native commercial class with an urban culture.	13
136824737	Characteristics of Iberian society	heavy urbanization, slaveholding traditions, emphasis on nobility, and emphasis on patriarchal ideals.	14
136824738	Hispaniola	What was the first Spanish colony established in the New World?	15
136824739	encomiendas	grants of Indians to individual Spaniards as a labor system.	16
136824740	the Spanish	Who created the models that were applied throughout their possessions in the New World in the Caribbean?	17
136824741	American cities were laid out on a grid plan.	What was the difference between Spanish American cities and those from Europe?	18
136824742	Hernan Cortez	man responsible for the conquest of the Aztec Empire in Mexico.	19
136824743	Indian nobility	an institution that was retained by the Spanish to serve European administrative purposes.	20
136824744	mita	Indian labor extracted through local officials replaced the labor of the encomienda.	21
136824745	Potosi	location of the greatest silver mine.	22
137390858	by the development of galleons	How was the Spanish convoy system that controlled trade with the Americas made possible?	23
137390859	Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494	divided the world into spheres of influence belonging to Portugal and Castile.	24
137390860	Catholic church	introduced universities, the construction of baroque churches, and the printing press to American life.	25
137390861	Pedro Alvares Cabral	The first landfall in the colony of Brazil took place in 1500 under who?	26
137390862	one-half	By 1700, slaves comprised ______ of the Brazilian population.	27
137390863	The Spanish empire was almost exclusively American, while the Portuguese Empire included colonies and outposts in Asia, Africa and Brazil.	What was the primary difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires?	28
137390864	slaves	African contribution to the Colombian Exchange.	29
137390865	Portugal	the European nation that established direct contact with black Africa.	30
137390866	Asian	Much of the territory added to the Russian empire was ____.	31
137390867	El Mina	one of the early Portuguese trade forts that was the most important.	32
137390868	Kongo	African kingdom that most successfully converted to Christianity by the Portuguese missionaries.	33
137390869	slavery in Europe	died out by 1450 except along the military frontier between Christians and Muslims in the Mediterranean.	34
137390870	The development of sugar plantations on the Atlantic islands of Madeira and the Canaries.	What led to the intensification of the Portuguese involvement in the African slave trade?	35
137390871	Brazil	received more slaves in the Americas than any other region between 1550 and 1850.	36
137390872	trans-Saharan slave trade	concentrated on women.	37
137390873	Atlantic slave trade	concentrated on young men.	38
137390874	impact of slave trade on Africa	skewed the population of central Africa in favor of a disproportional number of women.	39
137390875	18th century	When did Atlantic slave trade reach it's zenith in terms of Africans exported?	40
137515004	the British	Who organized their shipment of slaves to the Americas by chartering the Royal African Company and giving it a monopoly over the shipment of slaves to the colonies in the Americas.	41
137515005	Triangular Trade	the term utilized for the commercial arrangement by which African slaves were shipped to the Americas, sugar and tobacco were carried to Europe, and European manufactured goods were transported to Africa.	42
137515006	Portuguese, Ottoman Turks	On the east coast of Africa, the Swahili trading cities continued their commerce with the Indian Ocean with both the ______ & the _______ _____.	43
137515007	Shaka	1818, assumed the leadership of the Zulu chiefdom of the Nguni people of southern Africa.	44
137515008	William Wilberforce	British opponent of the slave trade.	45