Must Know AP world People Flashcards

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169093869	Hammurabi	1700s BCE---Semitic Amorite---Law Code and expanded Amorite, Law Code--Babylon	0
169093870	Confucius	551-479 BCE---Kongzi/Government Official---Confucianism (Morality)---Zhou China	1
169093871	Hatshepsut	1400s BCE---Queen of Egypt---first/only female ruler of Egypt; period of expansion---Egypt	2
169093872	Akhenaten	1300s BCE---King of Egypt---Attempts to make Aten god supreme; sometimes credited with invention of monotheism; new art; moved capital; Tut = succesor---Egypt	3
169093873	Ramsesses II	1200s BCE---King of Egypt---many building projects, and keeps Hittites back with battles and peace---Egypt	4
169093874	Cyrus	550 BCE---King of Persian Empire---Unites Persian tribes, overthrow Median monarchy, founder of Persian Empire---Persia	5
169093875	Darius I	522-486 BCE---Persian King---Expands Persian Empire to Indus Valley and into Europe, near Greece---Persia	6
169093876	Herodotus	400s BCE---Anatolian Author---historian writing on cause of Persian/Greek war-"Father of History"---Southwest Anatolia	7
169093877	Socrates	470-399 BCE---Sculptor/Philosopher---"Knew he knew nothing", "corrupts youth of Athens and not believing gods of city", "Sophist teachings"---Greece	8
169093878	Alex the Great	323 BCE---Macedonian Emperor/King---Builds massive empire, defeats Persian empire, spreads Greek culture---Macedonia/Greece	9
169093879	Augustus/Octavian	around 000s BCE and CE---Roman Emperor---Roman Expansion, and solidifies idea of a Roman Empire---Roman Empire	10
169093880	Jesus	000s CE---Jewish leader---Founder of Christianity---Israel/Palestinian part of Roman Empire	11
169093881	Paul	00s CE---Jew---Spreading Christianity to non-jews---Palestine/Anatolia/Greece	12
169093882	Constantine	300s CE---Roman Emperor---Reunites Roman Empire and establishes Christianity as religion, Edict of Milan = Freedom of Religion---Roman Empire	13
169093883	Shi Huangdi	200s BCE---Qin Emperor---Begins Great Wall, strengthens Legalist philosophy, Unites China, etc...---China	14
169093884	Buddha	BCE---Siddhartha Gautama/Indian Prince---Buddhism religion---India	15
169093885	Ashoka	200s BCE---Mauryan Emperor---Expands empire, Buddhism spread, and religious toleration in Gov't--- India	16
169093886	Muhammad	CE---Merchant---Founder of Islam---Arabia-Mecca/Medina---	17
169093887	Charlemagne	700s CE---Emperor of Franks---Massive empire all over Europe, also sets precedent of ties between emperors and pope, also starts brief intellectual revival---Germany/Europe	18
169093888	Vladimir I	900sCE---Novogrod Ruler exiled---Prince of Kievan Russia, Some spread of Slavic Religion (not Christianity), Rejects Islam and Judaism, but eventually spreads Orthodox Christianity in Russia---Kievan Russia	19
169093889	Genghis Khan	1200s CE---Mongolian Emperor---Mongolian Empire---Mongolian Empire (China, Russia, Middle East)	20
169093890	Timur	1336-1405 CE---member of Mongols' Jagadai Khanate family---gains control over Central Asia, spreads Sunni Islam, descendants found Mughal Empire in India---Mongolian Central Asia	21
169093891	Ivan III	1462-1505 CE----Prince of Moscow---autocratic ruler in late 1400s, founds term Tsar in Russia---Russia	22
169093892	Nasir Al-Din Tusi	1200s CE---Persian mathematician/cosmologist---provides model for movements of planets for Copernican system---Persia/Tabriz	23
169093893	Rashid al-Din	died in 1318---Adviser to Il-Khan ruler of Ghazan---Advised Il-Khan to convert to Islam----Ghazan	24
169093894	Alexander Nevsky	1200s---Russian national hero/Saint---Drives back Teutonic Knights, collaborated with Golden Horde to preserve area---Russia/Golden Horde/Novgorod	25
169093895	Khubilai Khan	1200s---Russian national hero/Saint---Drives back Teutonic Knights, collaborated with Golden Horde to preserve area---Russia/Golden Horde/Novgorod	26
169093896	Yongle	1400s---Emperor of Ming empire---built forbidden city, encyclopedia project, Zheng He voyages, reopens Chinese borders for trade/travel---Ming China	27
169093897	Zheng He	Late 1300s and early 1400s---Muslim imperial Eunuch---Explores Indian Ocean, SE Asia, Africa---Ming China	28
169093898	Ibn Battuta	Late 1300s and early 1400s---Muslim imperial Eunuch---Explores Indian Ocean, SE Asia, Africa---Ming China	29
169093899	Mansa Musa	1300s---Ruler of Mali---Travels to Egypt and Mecca, spreading reputation of wealth in Mediterranean world---Mali and Islamic areas	30
169093900	Moctezuma	1466-1520---Last Aztec Emperor---Aztec emperor overthrown by Hernandez Cortes---Aztec empire-Central America	31
169093901	Henry the Navigator	1394-1460---Portuguese prince---promotes study of navigation, directs voyages to W. Coast of Africa---Portugal/Africa	32
169093902	Atahualpa	Early 1500s---Last Incan emperor of Peru---Executed by Spanish-Fall of Incan empire---Incan Empire/Andes	33
169093903	Martin Luther	early 1500s---German Monk---Protestant Reformation/Founder of Protestants---Germany and etc.	34
169093904	John Calvin	1500s---French theologist---Calvinism (predestined salvation)---France/Etc	35
169093905	Henry VIII	Early 1500s---English King---Anglican Church---England	36
169093906	CHarles V	1519-1556---Holy Roman Emperor---Habsburg family, stops Ottoman advance in Vienna, attempts to centralize empire but fails---Germany/Europe	37
169093907	Louis XIV	Late 1500s?---King of France---Revokes Edict of Nantes (Nantes originally guaranteed religious freedom), attempts to expand France's borders---France	38
169093908	Copernicus	40. Copernicus---1473-1543---Polish monk/mathematician---Copernican model-Heliocentric---Poland/Europe	39
169093909	Galileo	1564-1642---Astronomer---Heliocentric theory, telescope, and discovery of other planets/moons---Europe	40
169093910	Bartolommeo des las Casas	1474-1566---Spanish missionary/historian---first to criticize oppression of Native Americans by Europeans---Spain/Central America	41
169093911	Elizabeth I	1558-1603---Queen of England---Elizabethan Age, Female Ruler, defeats Spanish Armada, Shakespeare, Joint Stock companies---England	42
169093912	Akbar	1556-1605---Indian Ruler---Unifies India, religious toleration (Islam/Hinduism), eliminates head tax on Hindus, attempts to eliminate sati---India/Mughal Empire	43
169093913	Babur	1526---Mongolian Ruler---Invades India, and establishes Mughal Empire---India/Mughal Empire	44
169093914	Shah Abbas the Great	1587-1629---Safavid Ruler---Most renowned ruler of Safavid Dynasty in Iran, moves capital to Isfahan---Iran/Safavid	45
169093915	Aurangzeb	1618-1707---"Last of Great Mughal Emperor in India"---Expands empire to max, revokes policy of religious toleration, executes Sikh leader---India	46
169093916	Suleiman the Magnifiscent	1494-1566---Ottoman emperor---Significantly expands empire, Golden Age, Lays siege on Vienna---Ottoman Empire	47
169093917	Tokugawa ieyasu	1543-1616---Japanese Shogun---Gov't founds Tokugawa Shogunate-Roads = trade, Tokyo = capital, Political unity, but regional lords still have much power, samurai = more educated, murch art, etc...---Japan	48
169093918	Kangxi	1654-1722---Qing emperor---oversees greatest expansion of Qing empire---China	49
169093919	Peter the Great	1672-1725--- Russian tsar---introduces Western languages/technologies to Russian elite, moves capital from Moscow to Petersburg---Russia	50
169093920	Benjamin Franklin	1706-1790---American printer, author, diplomat, philosopher, scientist---Contributes to American Revolution and federal government (help write Dec. o/ Independence, treaty of paris, influences French rev. , attempts to abolish slavery)---America	51
169093921	Joseph Brant	1742-1807---Mohawk Chief/Friend of British---Spreads Christianity by translating it into Mohawk language, aids British in French and Indian War, fights against Americans---Eastern Woodlands/America	52
169093922	Maxmillien Robespierre	1758-1794---French Lawyer/Political Leader---French revolution and Reign of Terror, Jacobin Club---France	53
169093923	Napoleon	1769-1821---Emperor of France---Expands France, Napoleonic code, "Constitution"---France/Europe	54
169093924	Tossaint L' Ouverture	1743-1803---Haitian General---Leads only successful anti-slavery rebellion---Haiti	55
169093925	Adam Smith	1723-1790---British philosopher/economist---Wealth of Nations---Britain/World	56
169093926	Josiah Wedgewood	1700s---Potter/Founder of Wedgewood company---Industrialization of pottery---England/World	57
169093927	Richard Arkwright	1700s---Spinning/Water frame, carding engine converts cotton into yarn---England/World	58
169093928	James Watt	Industrial Revolution1700s-early 1800s---Inventor/Engineer---Steam Engine designer--- Scotland/World	59
169093929	Muhammad Ali	1800s-1849---Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt---Defends against British, eliminates Mamluks, expands empire, and secedes from Ottoman empire---Egypt/Ottoman Empire	60
169093930	Simon Bolivar	1783-1830---South American revolutionary, military and political leader---major figure in independence of multiple Latin American countries, and attempted to create a federation of Latin American states---South America	61
169093931	Hidalgo y Costilla	1753-1811---Mexican priest/revolutionary---major leader in Mexican independence--Mexico	62
169093932	Morelos	1765-1815---Mexican priest---leads Mexican independence after Costilla = captured---Mexico	63
169093933	Andrew jackson	Early 1800s---US President---political era where end of domination by planter and commercial aristocracy in Virginia and New England, also trail of tears---USA	64
169093934	Benito Juarez	1806-1872---National Hero/President of Mexico---liberal reforms, reduction of Catholic Church's influence in Mexico---Mexico	65
169093935	Shaka	1787-1828---Zulu Warrior chief---Sets mfecane in motion-A period of war/forced migrations of South Africans and builds up Zulu army---South Africa	66
169093936	QUeen Victoria	early 1800s-1901---Queen of the UK---Victorian age-rise of middle class, conservative morality, also British empire expands---UK/British Empire	67
169093937	Mahmud	Very late 1600s-mid 1700s---Sultan of Ottoman Empire---attempts to modernize Ottoman army with firearms/etc, loses territory to Iran and Russia---Ottoman empire	68
169093938	Nicholas II	Late 1800s-1917---Last emperor of Russia---Period marked by more conflicts between rich and poor, bloody Sunday, etc..---Russia	69
169093939	Karl Marx	1800s---German political leader/influential thinker---Communist manifesto---Germany/All	70
169093940	Otto Von Bismarck	---Late 1800s---First German Chancellor---Unites Germany into a strong industrialized nation, facilitates scramble for Africa---Germany	71
169093941	William II	Late 1800s and early 1900s---Emperor of Germany/King of Prussia---dismisses Bismarck, industrializes Germany, facilitates scramble for Africa---Germany	72
169093942	Empress Dowager Cixi	1860s to very early 1900s---Virtual Ruler of China---against some modernization, pro-boxer rebellion, then pro-modernization, grants constitution---China	73
169093943	Matthew Perry	early to mid 1800s---American Naval Officer---supervises construction of steam ships, veteran of Mexican war, goes to japan and china, ends Japanese isolation---Japan/China/USA	74
169093944	Cecil Rhodes	Mid 1800s-1902---British Colonial statesman/financier---Found diamonds in Cape Colony-facilitating scramble for Africa---Africa/Britain/Eruope	75
169093945	Franz Ferdinand	Franz Ferdinand---1863-1914---Archduke of Austria---assassinated starting WWI---Austria/World	76
169093946	Woodrow Wilson	Early 1900s---US president during WWI---creates League of Nations, reforms for better standard of living---USA	77
169093947	Lenin	1910s---Russian political leader---Russian communism-redistribution of land, economic growth, pulled out of WWI---Russia	78
169093948	Sun Yat-sen	1911---Chinese Revolutionary Leader---Helps overthrow Qing dynasty, establishes Guomindang and Republic of China---China	79
169093949	Chiang Kaishek	1911-1949---Chinese Republic Leader---helps form Guomindang and Republic of China, leads war against Chinese communism but brutal tactics and Long March creates PRC---China	80
169093950	Margaret Sanger	early 1900s---Leader of birth-control movement---spreads info on birth control and STDs	81
169093951	Einstein	early to mid 1900s---German scientist (lived in USA)---Relativity, supported atomic bomb (BUT DIDN'T BUILD IT), Photoelectric effect, support of Quantum mechanics, Photons---USA/Germany	82
169093952	Stalin	30s and 40s---Soviet Dictator---Industrializes Russia, WWII, communism vs. capitalism---Russia	83
169093953	FDR	30s and 40s---US president---Leads USA out of recession and WWII---USA	84
169093954	Mussolini	30s and 40s---Dictator of Italy---Holocaust, WWII, Communism vs. Capitalism, fascism, etc.---Italy/Germany/All	85
169093955	Hitler	1930s and 40s---Dictator of Germany---Holocaust, WWII (leads some countries out of recession), provides place for Communism vs Capitalism, fascism---Germany/all	86
169093956	Mao Zedong	1910s-40s and later 60s---Chinese communist leader---Communism in China (leading to issues with containment, etc), Cultural Revolution, Industrialization and etc...---China	87
169093957	Truman	50s---US president---Truman doctrine-aiding containment-escalating cold war, authorizes atomic bombing of Japan---USA/All	88
169093958	Gandhi	1940s/50s---Aristocratic political leader---peaceful movements lead to India's independence---India	89
169093959	Nehru	40s/50s---political leader---aids Gandhi and also becomes political leader of India; helps India industrialize---India	90
169093960	Cardenas	mid to late 1900s---Mexican political leader---joins National Liberation Movement, supports Cuban rev., Backs PRI---Mexico	91
169093961	Diaz	mid 1800s until early 1900s---Mexican soldier/politician---stabilizes Mexican economy but Americans exploit Mexican economy, leads to poor and driving out of native Americans, exiled during Mexican revolution in 1910---Mexico	92
169093962	Perons	mid 1900s---President of Argentina---overthrows Argentinean presidency, some reforms for poor---Argentina	93
169093963	Castro	1960s---Cuban dictator---Cuban Missile crisis and communist cuba---Cuba/Russia	94
169093964	Brezhnev	64-82---General secretary of Communist Soviet Party---attempts to improve technology, Brezhnev doctrine/Warsaw Pact, respects human rights by signing Helsinki Accords	95
169093965	Khrushchev	mid 1900s till 64---Secretary of Soviet Communist Party and prime minister of USSR---criticism of Stalin, begins De-Stalinization, attempts to improve agriculture,	96
169093966	Gorbachev	85-91---Last leader of USSR---Perestroika (Economic) and Glasnost (Openness), democratization of soviet regime---USSR	97
169093967	LBJ	60s---US president---succeeds Kennedy, Containment, escalates Vietnam War, war on poverty, integration and NAACP, six day war, Gulf Tonkin resolution---USA	98
169093968	JFK	60s---US president---Vietnam war, highly influential in space race, Civil Rights, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis---USA	99
169093969	Deng Xiaoping	70s to present---Communist dictator in China---household responsibility + SEZ and other more capitalistic economic policies = China's massive economic growth---China	100
169093970	Bin Laden	90s to present---Al-Qaeda/terrorist leader---Multiple plots on USA including 9/11 and etc, used as propaganda tactic against Middle Eastern governments/civilians, Islamophobia, leads to/influences rise of Iranian anti-US sentiment, etc...---Middle east, esp. Afghanistan and Pakistan	101
169093971	Hussein	1990s and 2000s---Iraqi dictator---mass murders and etc.; sets stage for war in Iraq---Iraq/USA	102