ch 33 Flashcards

163315915	problems with boundaries established by Europe following the end of imperialism	detrimental to development of newly formed independent nations; didn't take into account different ppl groups being put together—>internal strife	0
163315916	largest barrier to economic growth in Africa	population growth-more than the country could handle	1
163315917	ways in which Europe contributed to African population growth	new food crops—>better diet—>more people survive; railroad system and steamships—> shippings to people of famine and of growth—>more people survive; war led to disease and famine—>people die	2
163315918	population growth in Africa compared to Asia	Asia begins to level off. Africa continues to rapidly increase	3
163315919	factors in high birth rate in third world nations	social and religious beliefs -have a lot of kids=power -lineage -resistance to birth control belief	4
163315920	chief by-product of population growth in third world countries	mass migration; rural—>urban; cities couldn't hold or provide jobs to people which led to slums	5
163315921	slums in third world	shantee towns; no water, no electricity, no sewages; trash houses	6
163315922	problems of rural environment in third world countries	deforestation, overgrazing, soil depletion, industrial pollutants	7
163315923	cash crops and minerals	selling these was how most third world nations financed industrialization	8
163315924	neocolonialism	ability of industrialized nations to maintain economic colonialism without political colonialism (without government)	9
163315925	drawbacks to accepting investment capital from first and second world nations	commitments—>favor investors; how money is invested and repaid; remove state subsidies; establish military bases	10
163315926	Kwame Nkrumah	leader of Ghana's independence movement; first prime minister of newly independent west African nation of Ghana; initiated programs for universal education and industrial development	11
163315927	reasons why military takeovers took place frequently in third world countries	-possesses power to restore (not just provoking) -less concerned with destructing consequences -training:emphasis on discipline -anticommunist—attracted Western allies	12
163315928	Uganda, Idi Amin	nation that serves as example of most oppressive military dictatorship, leader	13
163315929	Hasan al-Banna	founds Muslim Brotherhood	14
163315930	Free Officers Movement	military nationalist movement in Egypt; allied with Muslim Brotherhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government from khedive to gain independence from Turks	15
163315931	Gamal Abdul Nasser	took power after military coup in Egypt; enacted land reforms; used state resources to reduce unemployment; his economic policy: -land reform: limits on ownership of land, excess lands were seized and redistributed to peasants -education was state financed through college made available to Egyptians -cost of basic food staples decreased -state controlled development schemes were introduced (not a slave to foreign investment)	16
163315932	reforms of military government of Egypt, 1952	land reform; state financed education through college level made available to Egyptians; government was main employer; state subsidies were used to lower food staple prices; state-contolled development schemes—>industrial growth	17
163315933	Egypt, 1956	Nasser's greatest foreign policy achievement of diplomacy	18
163315934	Aswan dam project	cornerstone of Egyptian development; fiasco-failure; meant to control flooding and electricity; made to produce additional cultivated lands but population boom	19
163315935	Anwar Sadat	ruled Egypt; huge policy shift during reign- end of strife with Israel (went from anti-Irael to why bother-Israel)	20
163315936	J. Nehru	governed India in first decades of independence	21
163315937	Ayatollah Khomeini	rose to power in Iran following a radical revolution	22
163315938	Iran vs other third world nations	had not been formally colonized by Europeans but rather had been reduced to a sphere of informal influence; China has similar situation	23
163315939	Portugal	European colonizers that were able to hold onto its colonial possessions in Africa	24
163315940	nationalist party of S Africa	Afrikaners/Nationalist Party; white supremacy	25
163315941	"Homelands"	way to separate blacks and whites; under apartheid; areas in SAfrica designated for ethno-linguistic (tribal) groups within black African population; areas tend to be overpopulated and poverty stricken	26
163315942	methods of suppression used against blacks in South Africa	built police state—>to harass black population; political reforms—>to suppress anti-nationalism -spies and informants—>to scare ppl into submission -favoritism—>discord between various African nationalist groups	27
163315943	Nelson Mandela	freed black political prisoners; significant because it signaled that whites will be able to negotiate with other governments	28
163315944	F.W. de Klerk	Afrikaner political leader that was most successful for abolishment of Apartheid system in South Africa	29