Western Europe during the High Middle Ages Flashcards

126665114	European's foundation for a more dynamic society	1. regional society --〉 political order 2. new technologies & tools --〉 ↑agricultural production & economic growth; ↑long distance trade, enriched cities, & supported establishment of new towns 3. missionary efforts of the western Christian church --〉 cultural & religious unity	0
126665115	Otto I	established himself as king in northern Germany in the mid-10th century.	1
126665116	962 CE	Pope John XII proclaimed Otto I as emperor for his aid to the Church	2
126665117	Investiture Contest	a dispute between the emperor and the pope over the appointment of church officials in the late 11th and early 12th century.	3
126665118	Frederick Barbossa	"the red beard"; integrated Lombardy with his German holdings	4
126665119	Hugh Capet	a minor noble elected by lords of France to serve as king after the last of Carolingians dies in 987 C.E.	5
126665120	Duke William of Normandy	invaded England in 1066, and introduced Norman principles of govt and land tenure to England	6
126665121	Papal State	central Italy ruled by the pope	7
126665122	Christian and Muslim States in Iberia	Christian Kingdoms: Castile, Aragon, & Portugal Muslim: Kingdom of Granada	8
126701639	The Hanseatic League	association of trading cities	9
126701640	The Three Estates	those who pray: clergy those who fight: knights and nobles those who work: peasants	10
126701641	Troubadours	a class of traveling poets, minstrels, and entertainers whom aristocratic women enthusiastically patronized	11
126701642	Eleanor of Aquitane	most celebrated woman --〉 encourage the cultivation of good manners, refinement, and romantic love.	12
126701643	guilds	an association of people that work on the same trade and pursuits; regulated the production and sale of goods within their jurisdictions; provided focus for friendship and mutual support in addition to work.	13
126701644	Scholasticism: St. Thomas Aquinas	sought to synthesize the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical rigor of Greek philosophy; logic + religious belief	14
126854282	Waldensians	people who led heretical movements against the church. They appealed to the biblical ideal of simplicity and separation from the world.	15
126854283	The Cathars	(Albigensians) adopted the teachings of heretical groups. super against the Roman Catholic Church.	16
126854284	Pope Innocent III	sent military to destroy the Cathars	17
126854285	Eric the Red	the founder of Greenland	18
126854286	Leif Ericson	son of Eric the Red who discovered the newfoundland in Canada (called Vinland) where fish and timber were abundant.	19
126997389	Reconquista	The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.	20
126997390	Crusades	"holy war"; huge expeditions that Roman Catholic Christians mounted in an effort to recapture Palestines, the land of Christian origins, and the holy city of Jerusalem from Muslim authorities.	21
126997391	Pope Urban II	launched the Crusades in 1095; Peter the Hermit recruited untrained participants and it turned out to be a disaster.	22
126997392	The First Crusade	1097&1098- captured Edessa, Antioch, and other strategic cities. 1099- captured Jerusalem ---〉 Egyptians + Turks + Muslims worked together 1187- Salah al-Din recaptured Jerusalem	23