Ways of the World Chapter 5 Flashcards
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| 210948058 | Ahura Mazda (ah-HOOR-ah MAHZ-dah) | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world | 0 | |
| 210948060 | Angra Mainyu (AHN-grah MINE-you) | In Zoroastrianism, the evil god engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda | 1 | |
| 210948062 | atman | The human soul which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman | 2 | |
| 210948064 | Ban Zhao (bahn joe) | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (46 - 116 CE) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women | 3 | |
| 210948066 | Bhagavad Gita (BAH-gah-vahd GHEE-tah) | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation | 4 | |
| 210948068 | bhakti movement (BAHK-tee) | An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity | 5 | |
| 210948070 | Brahman | The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief | 6 | |
| 210948072 | Brahmins | The priestly caste of India | 7 | |
| 210948074 | Buddhism | The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | 8 | |
| 210948076 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order | 9 | |
| 210948078 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confuscianism (551 - 479 BCE), an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history | 10 | |
| 210948080 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 BCE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe | 11 | |
| 210948081 | Daodejing (dow-day-jing) | The central text of Daoism; translated as The Wya and Its Power | 12 | |
| 210948083 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legednary figure Laozi | 13 | |
| 210948085 | finial piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism | 14 | |
| 210948086 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophical thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 - 300 BCE; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in non-religious terms | 15 | |
| 210948087 | Hinduism | A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions | 16 | |
| 210948088 | Hippocrates | A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460 - ca. 370 BCE); regarded as the father of medicine | 17 | |
| 210948089 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice | 18 | |
| 210948090 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE - 30 CE) | 19 | |
| 210948091 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice | 20 | |
| 210948092 | karma | In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence | 21 | |
| 210948093 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the 6th century BCE, regarded as the founder of Daoism | 22 | |
| 210948094 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments | 23 | |
| 210948095 | Mahayana (mah-hah-YAH-nah) | "Great Vehicle"; the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original Buddhism (called Theravada) | 24 | |
| 210948096 | moksha (mokeshuh) | In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman | 25 | |
| 210948097 | nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion | 26 | |
| 210948098 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 - 348 BCE | 27 | |
| 210948099 | Pythagoras (pith-AG-or-us) | A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560 - ca. 480 BCE) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world | 28 | |
| 210948100 | St Paul | The first great popularizer of Christianity (10 - 65 CE) | 29 | |
| 210948101 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) (sidd-ARTH-uh gow-TAHM-uh) | The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566 - ca. 486 BCE) who founded Buddhism | 30 | |
| 210948102 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469 - 399 BCE) | 31 | |
| 210948103 | Thales of Miletus (THAY-lees) | A Greek natural philosopher (ca. 624 - 547 BCE), noted for his application of reason to astronomy and for his questioning of the fundamental nature of the universe | 32 | |
| 210948104 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379 - 395 BCE) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals | 33 | |
| 210948105 | Theravada (THAIR-ah-VAH-dah) | "The Teaching of the Elders", the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs | 34 | |
| 210948106 | Upanishads (ooh-PAHN-ish-ahds) | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 BCE | 35 | |
| 210948107 | Vedas (VAY-dahs) | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. BCE | 36 | |
| 210948108 | Warring States period | Period in China from 403 to 221 BCE that was typified by disorder and political chaos | 37 | |
| 210948109 | yin and yang | Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites | 38 | |
| 210948110 | Zarathustra (zah-rah-THOOS-trah) | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the 6th or 7th century BCE (but perhaps much older) who founded Zoroastrianism | 39 | |
| 210948111 | Zhuangzi (jwang-tzuh) | A Chinese philosopher (369 - 286 BCE) who spelled out the teachings of Daoism | 40 | |
| 210948112 | Zoroastrianism (zor-oh-AST-ree-an-ism) | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra | 41 |