AP World Chapter 18 Vocab Flashcards

135952572	Royal African Company	A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa	0
135952573	Atlantic system	The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin	1
135952574	chartered company	Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies	2
135952575	Dutch West India Company	1621-1794; Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchant's trade in the Americas and Africa	3
135952576	plantocracy	In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the 18th century	4
135952577	driver	A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation	5
135952578	seasoning	An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease, environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas	6
135952579	manumission	A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave	7
135952580	maroon	A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America	8
135952581	capitalism	The economic system of large financial institutions-banks, stock exchanges, investment companies-that first developed in early modern Europe	9
135952582	mercantilism	European government policies of the 16th-18th centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies to trade only with their motherland country. The British system was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system by laws known as the Exclusif	10
135952583	Atlantic Circuit	The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system	11
135952584	Middle Passage	The part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas	12
135952585	Songhai	A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the 16th century, it stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade	13
135952586	Hausa	An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, these city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early 19th century	14
135952587	Bornu	A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. It lasted from the 9th-19th century	15