AP World Unit 2 - India Flashcards

204827928	Pakistan	modern day location of Indus River Valley	0
204827929	Cotton	Main item traded in India	1
204827930	Mohenjo Daro	City of Dead	2
204827931	Harappa	Biggest Indian city; 80,000 ppl.	3
204827932	Dravidians	Indigenous people who lived on Deccan Plateau - darker skinned	4
204827933	Vedic Age	Started after fall of Harappa	5
204827934	Vedic Age	In this period, people were Indo-European; crossed Hindu-Kush Mountains to migrate; were Aryans	6
204827935	Rajas	tribal kings	7
204827936	Maharajas	Greater tribal kings	8
204827937	Sanskrit	language that evolves in Vedic Age	9
204827938	Vedas	Stories written in Sanskirt (Hindu....)	10
204827939	Rig Veda	Moat important Veda	11
204827940	Mahabharata	world's longest poem (in Rig Veda) - 90,000 stanzas	12
204827941	Dharma	lays out ethical guidelines in Vedas	13
204827942	Karma	built up from one's own personal actions by following or breaking Dharma	14
204827943	Upanishads	Commentary of Veda - were read instead of actual Veda	15
204827944	Varna	Hindu social hierarchy - develops from Vedas	16
204827945	Brahmins	Highest Hindu caste - made sacrifices	17
204827946	Kshatriyas	Second highest Hindu caste - warriors	18
204827947	Vaishyas	Hindu middle class; merchants, artisans	19
204827948	Shudras	Hindu peasants, agricultural laborers	20
204827949	Untouchables	Lowest Hindu caste - so low they weren't in hierarchy	21
204827950	Harijan	Hindu name for Untouchables	22
204827951	Reincarnation	Hindus believed this happened and was based on following Dharma and creating good Karma	23
204827952	Jati	Collections of many families within castes; several of these existed in each caste	24
204827953	3 jobs	How many jobs are available to Untouchables?	25
204827954	Sati	When Hindu women immolate themselves at funeral of her husband (patriarchal society)	26
204827955	Mauryan Dynasty	First Dynasty	27
204827956	Chandragupta	First ruler and founder of Mauryan Dynasty	28
204827957	Chandragupta	defeated Alexander the Great and enetered power vacuum after his death	29
204827958	Chandragupta	feared assassination	30
204827959	Chandragupta	Divided Mauryan Dynasty into provinces	31
204827960	Chandragupta	Unified Northern India and defeated Persian general Seleucus	32
204827961	ahisma	ethics of nonviolence to any living thing	33
204827962	ascetic	practices extreme self descipline	34
204827963	Jain	religion taken by Chandragupta after abdication; believe EVERYTHING has soul	35
204827964	Kautilya	Chandragupta's advisor (of Brahmin caste)	36
204827965	Arthashastra	Treatise on Material Gain - about gaining/ keeping political power	37
204827966	Kautilya	Wrote Arthashastra	38
204827967	Asoka	Chandragupta's grandson - followed Arthashastra's policies	39
204827968	Kalingra	Wealthy, religious area which Asoka wanted to gain	40
204827969	Battle of Kalingra	Important battle with hundreds of thousands of casualties, which made Asoka have revelation and become Buddhist	41
204827970	Lower	To which castes was Buddhism appealing?	42
204827971	Stupas	Structures which all contained a physical part of the Buddha!	43
204827972	4 Lions	modern day symbol of India's republic	44
204827973	Sanchi	Where is the most famous Stupa located?	45
204827974	Lotus	Symbol for Buddhism	46
204827975	Mauryans	Came up with numbering system (similar to Arabic numerals)	47
204827976	Kushan	northern region in India which facilitates trade between the Romans and Han China	48
204827977	Buddhism	Religion based on finding middle path and avoiding extremes	49
204827978	3	How many jewels of Buddhism were there?	50
204827979	Buddha	Jewel of Buddhism - the teacher	51
204827980	Dharma	Jewel of Buddhism - ethical teachings	52
204827981	Sangha	Jewel of Buddhism - Community	53
204827982	Reincarnation	What do Buddhistst and Hindus both beieve in?	54
204827983	Siddhartha Gautama	Was shocked by suffering of the world after being only exposed to palacial life	55
204827984	Enlightened One	Buddha - Siddhartha after reaching Nirvana	56
204827985	Desire	Why do people suffer?	57
204827986	4 noble truths	explain how/ why people suffer, how to reach nirvana (in Buddhism)	58
204827987	1st noble truth	to live is to suffer (suffering exists)	59
204827988	2nd noble truth	cause of suffering = self-centered desire	60
204827989	3rd noble truth	solution of suffering = eliminate desire and attachments	61
204827990	4th noble truth	To reach Nirvana, one must follow 8-fold path	62
204827991	mandala	intricate wheel of life made from sand by Buddhists - then thrown into sea to eliminate desire	63
204827992	Therevada	First type of Buddhism	64
204827993	Therevada Buddhism	Called "lesser vehicle" - harder to reach nirvana	65
204827994	Mahayana Buddhism	Called "greater vehicle" - practiced by many more, easier to reach nirvana	66
204827995	bodhisattva	Buddhist teachers who are reincarnated after reaching nirvana in order to help others achieve it	67
204827996	Tibetan Buddhism	blend of Theraveda/ Mahayana - has Lamas	68
204827997	Zen Buddhism	Practiced in Japan - sand/ rock gardens	69
204827998	Mahayana	Fat Buddha	70
204827999	Therevada	Skinny Buddha	71