AP World Unit 3 Test Flashcards
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| 254835448 | Five Pillars | faith, prayer, alms, feasting, the pilgrimage | 0 | |
| 254835449 | faith | five pillar where the declaration of this is made every day | 1 | |
| 254835450 | prayer | five pillar where you face Mecca and do this five times a day | 2 | |
| 254835451 | alms | five pillar where muslims are required to give money to the poor through this tax | 3 | |
| 254835452 | fasting | five pillar where you must do this from sunrise to sundown; called Ramadan | 4 | |
| 254835453 | Pilgrimage | five pillar where to do this at least once in your lifetime to Mecca | 5 | |
| 254835454 | Sharia | law based on the Koran that lays down certain duties and penalties for Muslims | 6 | |
| 254835455 | Sunni | believed the caliph should be selected by the Muslim community. means: "followers of Muhammad's example" | 7 | |
| 254835456 | Shi'a | believed the caliph should be a relative of the Prophet and rejected Umayyad rule. means: "the party of Ali" | 8 | |
| 254835457 | caliph | political and religious successor of Muhammad | 9 | |
| 254835458 | dhimmi | "people of the book"; anyone who followed the book of God - Christians, Jews, Muslims; stretched to accomodate majority groups in eastern areas of the empire (india) | 10 | |
| 254835459 | mawali | Muslim converts; had to pay the head tax normally for nonbelievers under Umayyads; did not have to do so under abbasids | 11 | |
| 254835460 | wazir | chief administrator and head of caliph's counsels during abbasid empire | 12 | |
| 254835461 | sufis | wandering mystics who sought personal union with Allah; grew increasingly powerful as the Islamic empire declined with their glorious stories of their contacts with Him. | 13 | |
| 254835462 | al-Khwarizmi | astronomer, geographer, and mathematician; founded algebra and the arabic number system. | 14 | |
| 254835463 | dhows | sailing vessels with lateen(triangular) sails; later influenced european design | 15 | |
| 254835464 | dar al-islam | the islamic empire and the other influenced surrounding areas... | 16 | |
| 254835465 | bantu migrations | herders who moved south and mixed with the older populations in the region of the east african interior. | 17 | |
| 254835466 | stateless society | societies organized around a kinship or other forms of obligation lacking the concentration of political power we normally associate with a state | 18 | |
| 254835467 | Mansa Musa | Lord of Mali empire; islamic; very rich | 19 | |
| 254835468 | swahili | language; means "coastal"; influenced by both Bantu and Arabic | 20 | |
| 254835469 | Kilwa | African city; controlled the sourhtern port of Sofala which had a great access to gold; flourished in international trade | 21 | |
| 254835470 | constantinople | capital of byzantine empire after roman fall; place of effective politics and economics; later a flourishing city under islamic rule | 22 | |
| 254835471 | Justinian | Eastern Roman empire; tried to recapture the empire of rome; this's code | 23 | |
| 254835472 | iconoclasm | the attacking of traditional/cherished beliefs | 24 | |
| 254835473 | Vladimir I | Converted his people to christianity in Kievan rus' | 25 | |
| 254835474 | boyars | russian aristocrats; less political power that western europe couterparts but russian princes had to negotiate with them | 26 | |
| 254835475 | vikings | seagoing scandinavian raiders who disrupted the coastal areas of western europe | 27 | |
| 254835476 | fiefs | Area of land held by a lord; all peasants living on this land are in direct command of that lord | 28 | |
| 254835477 | vassals | lesser lords that recieved aid and protection from more powerful lords; owed their lords military service, goods and payments, and advice | 29 | |
| 254835478 | papacy | the office/jurisdiction of the pope | 30 | |
| 254835479 | magna carta | signed by king John; confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; largely limited the power of the Monarchyand gave it all to the church and aristocrats | 31 | |
| 254835480 | guilds | grouped people usually in the same trade; stressed security and mutual control, no monopolization of profits; limited membership so that all would have work; garunteed quality; given a voice in the city government and upheld by municipal law | 32 | |
| 254835481 | scholasticism | dominant medieval philosophical approach; demonstrated confidence in the human ability to 'know' | 33 | |
| 254835482 | bubonic plague (black death) | devastating series of plagues that killed 1/3 of europe's population; spread easily by the heavy concentration of people in dirty, unsanitary cities | 34 | |
| 254835483 | hundred years war | long battle in the 14th century between france and england; provided each side with new technological innovations and ideas for the military | 35 | |
| 254835484 | toltecs | sedentary culture; sacrificial offerings; capital: Tula 968; believed in Quetzalcoatl; spread in all directions for trade of stones such as obsidion and turquoise | 36 | |
| 254835485 | calpulli | clans divided by the Aztecs; each performed a specific task for the empire; not all equal socially (some became nobles with military prowess and wealth while others became peasants etc.) | 37 | |
| 254835486 | chinampas | aquatic beds; aztec form of irrigation for their agriculture; high yield; could only take place in low waterlevels | 38 | |
| 254835487 | cannibal kingdom | Aztecs considered ritual cannibalism to have religious importance | 39 | |
| 254835488 | pachacuti | leader of the Inca (1438-1471) and led military alliances and campaigns from Cuzco to Lake Titicaca | 40 | |
| 254835489 | split inheritance | political power and titles went to a ruler's successor but his palaces, wealth, land, and possessions remained in the hands of the male descendants who secured them for the dead inca's mummy for eternity... | 41 | |
| 254835490 | mita | labor turns; communities expected to take turns working of state/church lands or building projects or mining; essential to Inca control | 42 | |
| 254835491 | ayllu | basic political unit of Inca life; controlled certain amounts of land and gave gender-specific jobs to the people in that unit | 43 | |
| 254835492 | Empress Wu | Tang empress; supported buddhism and tried to elevate it to the status of state religion | 44 | |
| 254835493 | tribute system | where conquered areas remained under the control of their dominators, but could still stay relatively independent by paying off those dominators | 45 | |
| 254835494 | jinshi | chinese who passed the hardest of the exams; secured them the prospect of high office; won them and their families social status; could wear certain clothing and exempt from corporal punishment | 46 | |
| 254835495 | footbinding | created subordination of the extreme kind for chinses women; preferred by prospective husbands; created limited mobility (OW); limited types of work that could be performed by women | 47 | |
| 254835496 | Grand Canal | built by Yangdi in order to link the north and south -- south flourishing with population because of high food production; made easy the collection of revenue and movement of military | 48 | |
| 254835497 | flying money | credit vouchers; present for reimbursment in appropriate city; greatly reduced the danger of robbery | 49 | |
| 254835498 | junks | chinses ships; ginormous; equipped with watertight bulkheads, compasses, rudders, oars, sails; with these chinese merchants and sailors became the dominant forces of the asian seas - east of malayan peninsula | 50 | |
| 254835499 | sinification | extensive adoption of chinese culture | 51 | |
| 254835500 | bushi | warrior leaders; administered law, public works, and collective revenue | 52 | |
| 254835501 | bakufu | 'tent' military government; formed by the Minamotos | 53 | |
| 254835502 | samurai | mounted troops, loyal to local lords; called to protect emperor to keep peace | 54 | |
| 254835503 | daimyo | 300 little kingdoms in Japan after the shogunate self destructed where there rulers were called this | 55 | |
| 254835504 | Taika Reforms | aimed at completely turning the imperial administration to follow Chinese style in Japan | 56 | |
| 254835505 | trung sisters | leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; demonstrated the importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society | 57 | |
| 254835506 | genghis khan | elected khagan of all mongol tribes in 1206; conquered northern kingdoms of China, Abbasids; died in 1227 and left his large empire to three of his sons and one grandson | 58 | |
| 254835507 | kubilai khan | grandson of genghis khan; commander of mongol forces responsible for the conquest of China; established sinicized mongol Yuan dynasty in China 1271 | 59 | |
| 254835508 | Pax mongolica | the eased communication and commerce created by the unified administration under mongol rule; also the equality and acceptance of all religions | 60 |