Ch 21 Terms: The Muslim Empires Flashcards

Terms on the Muslim Empires WHAP chapter

154143932	Ottomans	Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world	0
154143933	vizier	Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 15th century often more powerful than sultan	1
154143934	Red Heads	Name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear	2
154143935	Shah Abbas the Great	Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology	3
154143936	Isfahan	Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city laid out according to shah's plan; example of Safavid architecture	4
154143937	Babur	Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530	5
154143938	Din-i-ilahi	Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but failed	6
154143939	Aurangzeb	Son and successor of Shah Jahan in Mughal India; determined to extend Mughal control over whole of subcontinent; wished to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare exhausted empire despite military successes; died in 1707	7
154143940	Mehmed II	Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire	8
154143941	Safavid dynasty	Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722	9
154143942	Ismâ'il	Sufi commander who conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah or emperor	10
154143943	imams	According to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from Ali	11
154143944	Nadir Khan Afshar	Soldier-adventurer following fall of Safavid dynasty in 1722; proclaimed himself shah in 1736; established short-lived dynasty in reduced kingdom	12
154143945	Humayan	Son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but restored Mughal rule by 1556; died shortly thereafter	13
154143946	Taj Mahal	Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal	14
154143947	Jahangir	Son of Akbar; the "Grasper of the World"; married Persian princess Nur Jahan who really controlled state affairs because he was a weak ruler; overthrown by his son Khusrau	15
154143948	Janissaries	Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century	16
154143949	Sail al-Din	Early 14th century Sufi mystic; began campaign to purify Islam; first member of Safavid dynasty	17
154143950	Chaldiran	Site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Safavids severely defeated by Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire	18
154143951	mullahs	Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism	19
154143952	Mughal dynasty	Empire; established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century	20
154143953	Akbar	Son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India	21
154143954	Nur Jahan	Wife of Jahangir; amassed power in court and created faction of male relatives who dominated Mughal empire during later years of Jahangir's reign	22
154143955	Shah Jahan	Fifth Mughal emperor (1592-1666) of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built, including the Taj Mahal at Agra built as a tomb for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal; "Golden Age of the Mughals"; Muhgal Empire reached its zenith in prosperity and luxury during his reign	23