Ch. 28B Vocab. Flashcards

151828849	Wilson's 14 Points	-Jan 8, 1918 -Woodrow Wilson's plan for post-war peace: no secret treaties; freedom of the seas; removal of economic barriers; reduction of arms; adjust colonial claims -14 strongly emphasized points that tried to strengthen countries with self determination -most important point was to establish the League of Nations, all in all these ideas were discarded and dismissed -divided into 3 parts, 1-5=issues addressed to avoid war, 6-14 dealt with boundery changes, rejected by allies	0
151828850	Treaty of Versailles	Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations in 1919: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.	1
151828851	League of Nations	International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s.	2
151828852	Treaty of St. Germain	Allies to Austria - had to limit her army to 30,000 men, territories handed over to now states and independence recognized, lost 15 million of its people and almost all of its industrial area, forbade an economic union with Germany unless the Council of the League of Nations gave consent, left Austria financially and militarily weak - needing loans from the League of Nations	3
151828853	New Economic Policy (NEP)	Instituted by Lenin around 1923, this included the improvement of healthcare and schooling, the reduction of limitations on private enterprise, and farmers being allowed to sell 60% of their products privately. This was somewhat of a step back from communism, but it improved Russia's harvests from 1923-1927, and helped stability to return to the USSR.	4
151828854	Kellogg-Briand Pact	Was signed on August 27, 1928 by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Japan, and a number of other states. The pact renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defence.	5
151828855	Sun Yat-Sen	The first great revolutionary leader in 20th century China who founded the ALliance League in 1905. The League aimed to overthrow the Qing to make china a republic, get rid of foreign powers and distribute land to peasants. He created the three principles of the people, Nationalism, Socialism and Democracy. After the Revolution, he returned from overseas to lead china, however failed to leaed successfully. He handed power to Yuan Shikai.	6
151828856	Guomindang	Nationalist political party founded on democratic principles by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. After 1925, the party was headed by Chiang Kai-shek, who turned it into an increasingly authoritarian movement.	7
151828857	May 4th movement	On May 4th, 1919, students in Peking protested Japan being given the Shantung province and all around China. It was an intellectual revolution of young, educated people in China, that was also a protest of China's weak government and their reaction to the Treaty of Versailles. This movement allowed the KMT to come back and have power, and it also gave rise to the CCP.	8
151828858	Chiang Kai-shek	General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong	9
151828859	Mandate System	Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision.	10
151828860	Mustafa Kemal	Led the Turkish nationalist overthrow of the Ottoman sultan in 1922. He then became the president of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. To modernized Turkey, he separated Islamic laws from the nation's laws. He modeled the new legal system off of European law and also some U.S. law. Women had more right under his rule. They were allowed to vote and hold public office. Finally, Kemal's last reform was government-funded programs to industrialize Turkey and to bring about great economic growth. He died in 1938 known as Ataturk, "father of the Turks."	11
151828861	Kibbutzim	Collective agricultural settlements set up by Jewish settlers in what is now Israel in the late ineteenth century and continuing to the present	12
151828862	Margaret Sanger	American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.	13