AP world ch. 26 Flashcards

Civilizations in Crisis - The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing Dynasty China

145657962	Abdul Hamid	Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908.	0
145657963	Murad	Head of the coalition of Mamluk rulers in Egypt; opposed Napoleonic invasion of Egypt and suffered devastating defeat; failure destroyed Mamluk government in Egypt and revealed vulnerability of Muslim core.	1
145677660	Muhammad Ali	Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830s was able to challenge Ottoman government in Constantinople; died in 1848.	2
145677661	Qing	Manchu dynasty that seized control of China in mid-17th century after decline of Ming; forced submission of nomadic peoples far to the west and compelled tribute from Vietnam and Burma to the south.	3
145678879	Suez Canal	Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; Financed by Europeand investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investment.	4
145681388	Banner armies	Eight armies of the Manchu tribes identified by separate flags; created by Nurhaci in early 17th century; utilized to defeated Ming emperor and establish Qing dynasty.	5