APWH Flashcards Flashcards

140098150	Kellogg-Briand Pact	A multinational treaty sponsored by American and French diplomats that outlawed war; an example of the optimism that existed during part of the 1920's. (ROARING 20S WOOOOOO)	0
140098151	Interwar Period	The 1920's and 1930's, shaped by the results of WWI	1
140098152	The Roaring Twenties	Great social and economic changes were the hallmark of this decade.	2
140098153	Cubist movements	Artistic style rendering familiar objects in geometric shapes; headed by Pablo Picasso, who was influenced by African art.	3
140098154	Fascism	Nationalist political form that featured an authoritarian leader, aggressive foreign policy, and government-guided economics; started in Italy.	4
140098155	Benitu Mussolini	Founder and dictator of the Fascist Party in Italy.	5
140098156	Settler societies	Australia, Canada, and New Zealand; forged separate 'autonomous communities; within the British empire, called the British Commonwealth of Nations	6
140098157	Zaibatsu	In Japan, industrial corporations with close government cooperation that expanded rapidly in this era into shipbuilding and other heavy industries.	7
140098158	Porfiro Diaz	Mexico's long-serving dictator who resisted political reforms; his policies triggered the Mexican Revolution	8
140098159	Pancho Villa	Mexican revolutionary who led guerrilla fighting in the North; pursued unsuccessfully by the US government in 1913.	9
140098160	Emiliano Zapata	Mexican revolutionary who led guerrilla fighting in the South; mottow as 'Tierra y Libertad'; demanded land reform	10
140098161	Soldaderas	Women who were guerilla fighters in the Mexican Revolution	11
140098162	Victoriano Huerta	Sought to impose a Diaz-type dictatorship; forced from power by Villa and Zapata.	12
140098163	Alvaro Obregon	Emerged as Mexico's leader at the end of the revolution' wrote a new constitution that promised land reforms	13
140098164	Lazaro Cardenas	Mexican president who enacted land reform and rural public education.	14
140098165	Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orzco	World-renowned artists who depicted glorified versions of Mexico's Indian heritage and potential Marxist future in murals.	15
140098166	Cristeros	Conservative peasant movement in 1920's in Mexico; backed by the Catholic church and many politicians; resisted the secularization of the culture and government.	16
140098167	Party of the Industrialized Revolution (PRI)	This Mexican political party dominated politics from the 1930s to the end of the century.	17
140098168	Alexander Kerensky	Leader of the provisional government in Russia after the fall of the tsar; kept Russia in WWI and resisted major reforms; overthrown by Bolsheviks at the end of 1917.	18
140098169	Bolsheviks	Violent, radical wing of the Social Democrats in Russia, led by Vladimir Lenin; took power from provisional government; later renamed 'Communists'	19
140098170	Russian Civil War	1918-1921; Millions died in the struggle between the Reds (pro-communist forces) and Whites (an amalgam of non-Communists); the Reds won, largely because of the organizational skills of Leon Trotsky.	20
140098171	Leon Trotsky	Lenin deputy who organized the Red Army during the civil war and later lost a power struggle to Stalin	21
140098172	New Economic Policy	Lenin's temporary measure that allowed some capitalism within a Communist framework; food production increased under this program, ended by Stalin.	22
140098173	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	Moscow-based multiethnic Communist regime from 1923-1991	23
140098174	Supreme Soviet	Parliment under the USSR that had many of the trappings but few of the powers of its Western counterparts	24
140098175	Joseph Stalin	Assistant to Lenin who beat out Trotsky for undisputed control of the USSR after Lenin's death; installed the nationalistic 'socialism in one country' program, collectivization, and widespread purges.	25
140098176	Sun Yat-sen	Western-educated leader of the Revolutionary Alliance, the Guomindang, and at times, China, in the 1910s and 1920s; struggled with warlords for control of the nation.	26
140098177	Yuan Shikai	Chinese warlord who was the country's leader from 1912 to 1916; he hoped to establish himself as the ruler of a dynasty to replace the Qing; forced from power.	27
140098178	May Fourth Movement	...	28
140098179	Li Dazhao	Headed Marxist study circle at University at Beijing; saw peasants as harbingers of Communist revolution in China; influenced Mao Zedong	29
140098180	Mao Zedong	Leader of the Chinese Communist Party and later dictator.	30
140098181	Guomindang	Nationalist party in China; it was the Communist Party's greatest rival, yet the Guomindang and Communists forged and alliance against Japanese aggression; the ruling party in mainland China until 1949, it failed to implement most of the domestic programs it proposed.	31
140098182	Whampoa Military Academy	Established in China with Soviet help; it gave the Nationalists a military dimension previously missing; first leader was Chiang Kai-shek	32
140098183	CHian Kai-shek	Successor to Sun as leader of the Nationalists; fierce opponent of the Communists, yet he formed an alliance with them to fight Japan.	33
140098184	Long March	To escape the Nationalists, 90,000 Mao supporters traveled thousands of miles to remote regions; solidified Mao's leadership and created much of his myth.	34
140098185	Syndicalism	Economic and political system based on the organization of labor; imported in Latin American from European political movements; militant force in Latin American politics.	35
140098186	Mexican Revolution	Fought over a period of almost 10 years from 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.	36
140098187	Francisco Madero	Moderate democratic reformer in Mexico; proposed moderate reforms in 1910; arrested by Diaz, initiated revolution against Diaz when released from prison; temporarily gaine dpower, but removed and assassinated in 1913.	37
140098188	Mexican Constitution of 1917	Promised land reform, limited foreign ownership of key resources, guaranteed the rights of workers, and placed restrictions on clerical education; marked the formal end of the Mexican Revolution.	38
140098189	Red Army	Military organization constructed under leader of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background.	39
140098190	Comintern	International office of communism under USSR dominance established to encourage the formation of Communist parties in Europe and the world.	40
140098191	Lazaro Cardenas	President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940; responsible fro redistribution of land, primarily to created ejidos, or communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education.	41
140098192	Great Depression	Worldwide economic collapse that began in late 1929 and continued until the outset of WWII.	42
140266392	Socialism in one country	Stalin's program to build a self-sufficient Communist state based on industrial production.	43
140266393	Popular Front	Liberal, socialist, and Communist parties in France that forged a short lived alliance in the 1930's.	44
140266394	New Deal	The United State's answer to the Great Depression, consisting of government assistance to people affected by the crisis and of government reform of economic institutions.	45
140266395	Nazi	Hitler's National Socialist German Worker's Party, under the guise of political unity, the Nazis forged a totalitarian state. (But we all know who the Nazis were.)	46
140266396	Gestapo	Hitler's secret police that imprisoned and killed his real and imagined opposition	47
140266397	Anschluss	Hitler's union with Austria	48
140266398	Appeasement	Britain and France's policy of compromise with Hitler and mussolini	49
140266399	Spanish Civil War	Fascists led by General Franco fought supporters of the existing republic in the 1930's, Germany and Italy aided the victorious Franco.	50
140266400	Import substitution industrialization	CUt off from supplies it had imported before the Great Depression, Latin American began to produce for itself through the rapid expansion of insutrialization.	51
140266401	Syndicalism	In Latin America, organizing labor for the purpose of gaining control of political power	52
140266402	Tragic Week	In Argentina in 1919, the government brutally repressed labor strikes.	53
140266403	Corporatism	In Latin America, a movement aimed at curbing capitalism and Marxism that proposed using the state as a mediator between different social and economic groups	54
140266404	Getulio Vargas	President of Brazil who imposed a pro-Western Fascist-like authoritarian regime.	55
140266405	Juan Peron	Argentina's leader who, like Vargas, antionalized key industries and led through a combination of charisma and intimidation.	56
140266406	Training to endure hardship	Term used to describe the Japanese policy establisehd in Korea to induce the people there to cooperate with the conqueror's wishes.	57
140266407	Kulaks	The relatively wealthy peasants in the Soviet Union who were starved and murdered by the millions under Stalin's direction.	58
140266408	Collectivization	Soviet policy of eliminating private ownership of farmland and creating large state-run farms.	59
140266409	Five-Year Plan	State planning of industrial proudction in the Soviet Union	60
140266410	Socialist Realism	School of art in the USSR that emphasized heroic idealizations of workers, soldiers, and peasants	61
140266411	Ppolitburo	Political Bureau in the USSR that was titularly the executive committee but in reality was, especially under Stalin, a rubber-stamp organization.	62