Chapter 33 part 3 Flashcards

147950262	Chinese Empire under seige	China developed reform programs to preserve the Qing Dynasty: had little effect and seriously weakene the condition of China	0
147950263	The Oium war and Unequal Treaties	Cohongs- specially liscensed trade firms Euro. merchants paid largely w/ silver bullions b/c not much need for Euro. products	1
147950264	The Opium Trade	Started trade w/ opium in exchange for Chinese silver coins that were then used in Guangzhou; opium trade expanded due to the Chinese dug addict habbits	2
147950265	Lin Zexu	Opium drained large quantities of slver bullion and it also created serious social problems/ Lin Zexu had the task of destroying the Opium trade. his policy ignited The Opium War that ended in a Humiliating defeat for China	3
147950266	Letter of Lin Zexu To Queen Victoria	he kindly asked that the traders would stop selling opium in China and that anyone caught would be killed; also said that it was G.B.'s fault since they were the ones providing China with it	4
147950267	The Opium War	though they were losing, the Chinese wouldn't allow opium to be traded.; British armada, led by the Nemesis advanced up the Yangzi River Result: Chinese sued for peace.	5
147950268	Unequal Treaties	Treaty of Nanjing- conclusion of the Opium War; governed relations only between G.B. and China; places like U.S. and Japan tried to do the same w/ weaker, unequal treaties; Chinese ports were soon under control of foreign powers	6
147950269	Pop. Growth	pop rose, land under cultivation didn't equal up to the increase of pop. pop growth strained china's resources rebellions erupted due to unfairness (corruption of gov. officials) brought Qing dynasty to brink of collapse	7
147950270	Taiping Prgram	Qing elites had adapted to Chinese ways, but Manchu ruling clas were considered foreigners. Taiping reform program appealed to discontented subjects; also decreed equality of men and women, and prohibited sexual intercurse among their followers	8
147950271	new kingdom: new catipal	Nanjing- capital of Taiping ("Great Peace") kingdom - followed be whole towns and citie, poised to attack Beijing, then 5 years later, threatened Shanghai	9
147950272	Taiping Defeat	gentry sidded w/ Qing gov. tp preserve the established order. replaced manchu soldiers w/ chinese ones, and were led led by scholar- genrty class. they gradually over came Taipings. Hong Xiuquan committed suicide and rebellion was finally over.	10
147950273	Reform	Qing dynasty recognized changes to the gov. were needed to survive. now: Confucian gov. and foreign technology (strengthened state power)	11
147950274	Self- Strengthening Movement	Self- Strengthening Movement- "Chinese learning at the base, Western learning for use."; sought to blend Chinese traditions w/ Euro. industrial techno	12
147950275	contradictions	Laid foundation fo industrialization, but brought only superficial change to economy and society. movement founded on contradiction- Industraliazation: ag. land :: Euro. edu. : Confucian values	13
147950276	Spheres of Influence	France: Vietnam:: G.B. : Burma; foreign pwoers carved china itself into spheres of economic influence. RR and mineral development to Germany; Shandong :: France: southern boarder provinces :: G.B. : Yangzi River Valley :: Japan : SE coastal provinces ::Russia : Manchuria	14
147950277	Hundred Days Reform	setbacks sparked Hundred Days Reform. leading figures- Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. wanted to remake China into a powerful modern industrial society. Emperor Guangxu liked it and launched program to transform China into a constitutional monarchy. Emperor's aunt- Empress Dowager Cixi imprisoned the emperor , killed 6 leading reformers; Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao escaped to Japan	15
147950278	The Boxer Rebellion	antiforeign Boxer Rebellion- militia units called themselves the Society of Righteousness and Harmonious Fit. they besieged foreign embassies and the foreign powers crushed them.	16
147950279	End of Qing Dyansty	Chinese regarded Qing dynasty as bankrupt for supporting Boxer Rebellion. Revolutionary uprisings- Cixi died (had left 2-yr old Puyi to imperial throne) day after emperor died mysteriously. early 1912, last emperor abdicated throne.	17