APW Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards

103747641	Karakorum	capital of Mongol empire in 13th century	0
103747642	yurts	mongol tents	1
103747643	shamans	religious specialists in nomadic empires	2
103747644	khan	title of nomadic Turkish and Mongol leaders	3
103747645	sultan	Title of Turkish leaders conferred by Abbasid caliphs. Primary military champion of islamic world	4
103747646	Manzikert	Battle when Saljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine forces in 1071 C.E.	5
103747647	Mahmud of Ghanzi	Turkish leader in afghanistan 997-1030 CE. Islamic conquest of northern India.	6
103747648	Temujin	unified mongols, idea of empire required tribute and trade	7
103747649	Khubilai Khan	most successful emperor of the Yuan Dynasty	8
103747650	Marco Polo	Venitian merchant, records of the far east	9
103747651	kamikaze	Divine Winds... typhoons destroyed Khubilai Khan's forces	10
103747652	Ilkhan Ghazan	mongol leader in persia, converted to islam	11
103747653	Tamerlane	Turkish Conquoror, modeled conquests after ghenghis khan	12
103747655	Osman	turkish leader who founded ottoman empire	13
103747657	Mehmed II	ottoman sultan, conquest of constantinople in 1453	14
103747659	Sundiata	founder of Mali empire, muslim	15
103747661	griot	professional african singers and story tellers	16
103747663	Bantu	migrated from W to S and E Africa, spread many technologies	17
103747665	stateless societies	result of Bantu migrations, political structure in which there was no hierarchy of gvt officials	18
103747667	Kongo	kingdom in Congo River basin, traded copper, raffia cloth, and nzimbu shells	19
103747669	Koumbei-Saleh	capital of Kingdom of Ghana	20
103747671	Timbuktu	11th century amel caravan center, major trading center for kingdom of Mali and Sanghay emmpire	21
103747674	Mansa Musa	grand nephew of Sundiata, ruled Mali empire at its hight	22
103747676	Swahili	traders on east african coast, also Bantu languages in East Africa	23
103747678	Kilwa	city state on east african coast, gold, ivory, and slave exports	24
103747680	Great Zimbabwe	City in S, Central africa that had large stone walls, traded with east african cities	25
103747682	age grades	organization of african society based on age	26
103747683	Axum	Modern Ethiopia, adopted Christianity, Kings converted	27
103747684	diviners	religious specialists in many African Societies	28
103747685	Ibn Battuta	moroccan traveler and islamic scholar	29
103747686	Ghana	W african Kingdom, role as center of gold trade for Islamic merchants crossing the sahara to west africa	30
103747687	Mali	W african kingdom, larger Scale trade than Ghana. Capital at Niani	31
103747688	Holy Roman Empire	empire primarily in Germany 962-1806, possible succesor to ancient roman Empire	32
103747689	Otto of Saxony	King of N Germany Ran the Holy Roman Empire	33
103747690	Hugh Capet	minor noble elected as king, his descendants centralized power in france	34
103747691	Fredrick Barbarosa	holy roman emperor, tried to integrate lombardy region, Joined third crusade	35
103747692	William of Normandy	led last successful invasion of England, commissioned the Domesday Book	36
103747693	horse collars	allowed horses to pull heavy plows	37
103747694	Hanseatic League	N. European trade network	38
103747695	Eleanor of Aquitaine	french ruler, encouraged good manners among nights and nobles	39
103747696	Guilds	trade organizations, set manufacturing standards and prices	40
103747697	St. Thomas Aquinas	theologian who tired to combine Christianity with Greek philosophy	41
103747698	sacraments	roman catholic rituals	42
103747699	Leif Ericsson	Viking Explorer, established a settlement in Newfoundland	43
103747700	Teutonic Knights	military and religious order, devoted to struggle against Muslima and pagans	44
103747701	Reconquista	Christian reconquest of Spain, completed under Ferdinand and Isabela	45
103747702	Urban II	Pope who launched the Crusades	46
103747703	Salah al-Din (Saladin)	Sultan of egypt who recaptured Jerusalem from christian forces, defeated third crusade	47
103747704	Tenochtitlan	Aztec capital on Lake Texaco. Mexaco city built on this site	48
103747705	Toltecs	Migrated from NW Mexico to Central mexico, irrigatation helped develop crops of maize, beans, tomatoes, chiles, and cotton	49
103747706	Mexica	came to be known as Aztecs	50
103747707	Montezuma	15th century leader of Mexica, led conquests of in southern Mexico.	51
103747708	Bernal Diaz del Castillo	spanish soldier who wrote about Tenochtitlan	52
103747709	chinampas	agricultural style used by Mexica (Aztecs)	53
103747710	Huitzilopochtli	Aztec war god	54
103747711	Navajo	agricultural people from SW North America	55
103747712	Iroquois	five tribes made of Iroquois Alliance	56
103747713	Cahokia	site of largest survivnig mound construction	57
103747714	Chimu	kingdom developed in 10th century CE along Peruvian coast.	58
103747715	Incas	built empire in S America capital of Cuzco	59
103747716	Pachacuti	reuler of incas, military conquests expanded inca control from Lake Titicaca to highlands and Chimu	60
103747717	quipu	mnemonic aid to keep records, small cords with various knots	61
103747718	Cuzco	Inca capital	62
103747719	Inti	Inca sun god and primary diety	63
103747720	Torres Strait	body of water that separates australia from new guinea	64
103747721	Polynesians	people who settled on many islands of Pacific Ocean, Great ability as explorers	65
103747722	taro	polynesian food plant.	66
103747723	marae	polynesian ceremonial precinct and temple structure. Often had several terraced floors.	67
103747724	Ibn Battutta	Morrocan scholar. Served as judge (qadi) in Islamic places like India, East Africa, Mali, and Maldives	68
103747725	Caravanserai	Places where caravans chill	69
103747726	Marco Polo	Venetian merchant travelled places like China. Served Kubalai Khan and helped trade with China	70
103747727	Rabban Sauma	Born in mongolia asked Europeans for support against islams. No support :(	71
103747728	Sufis	Islam priests/ spreaders of religion very flexible converted people	72
103747729	John of Montecorvino	Catholic missionary in China. Translated New Testament into Turkish and built churches in China. No success in conversion	73
103747730	Sugarcane	Naturally Indian, Muslims share to everyone. Increase slave production	74
103747731	Gunpowder	Invented in China. Mongols stole it when they invaded	75
103747732	Bubonic plague	Pandemic started in china spread along trade routes through rodents and fleas	76
103747733	Hongwu	Overthrew Yuan, started Ming, got ridda those Mongolian influences	77
103747734	Mandarins	powerful Chinese officials made sure local officials doin the job right	78
103747735	Yongle Encyclopedia	second Ming emperor try to preserve chinese history and culture (his name, type of book)	79
103747736	Louis XI	king of France created huge army to destroy nobles challengin authority	80
103747737	reconquista	reconquest of Spanish to take over Islamic rule finished in 1492 captured Granada	81
103747738	Renaissance	Rebirth of cultural things started in Italy 14-16th century	82
103747739	humanists	Renaissance scholars studied classic greek and roman crap and convinced could live moral life with normal life	83
103747740	Desiderius Erasmus	Dutch humanist who translated and published first edition of Greek New Testament and revised latin one	84
103747741	Zheng He	Chinese leader led naval expeditions tryin to control trade routes	85
103747742	Vasco de Gama	Portugese explorer who sailed directly from Europe to India. Inspired other europeans to attack indian oceaners	86
103747743	Christopher Columbus	You are literally retarded if you don't get this one. He sailed the ocean blue in 1492. First to Hispaniola then Mexico	87