mrs. ray chapter 23 Flashcards

54779802	population Revolution	huge growth in western europe beginiing about 1730	0
54779803	proto- industrialization	Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution.	1
54779804	American revolution	Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America.	2
54779805	French Revolution	Revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe	3
54779806	Louis XVI	Bourbon monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution (1792).	4
54779807	Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	Adopted during the liberal phase of the French Revolution (1789); stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a political source for other liberal movements. (p. 700)	5
54779808	guillotine	Introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized to execute thousands during the most radical phase of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror.	6
54779809	Congress of Vienna	Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes	7
54779810	radical	Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of the lower classes.	8
54779811	socialism	Political movement with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man.	9
54779812	nationalism	Political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe in the 19th century; often allied with one of other "isms"; urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin.	10
54779813	Greek Revolution	Rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman Empire in 1820; key step in gradually dismantling the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans.	11
54779814	French Revolution	Revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe	12
54779815	Belgian Revolution of 1830	Produced Belgian independence from the Dutch; established a liberal constitutional monarchy.	13
54779816	Reform Bill of 1832	Legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain	14
54779817	factory system	Not to be confused with the fortified ports of the commercial revolution; intensification of processes of production at single sites during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and firmer discipline.	15
54779818	Luddites	Workers in Britain (1810-1820) who responded to replacement of human labor by machines during the Industrial Revolution by attempting to destroy the machines; named after a mythical leader, Ned Ludd	16
54779819	Chartist movement	Attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840s; demands for reform beyond the Reform Act of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed.	17
54779820	French Revolution of 1848	Overthrew the monarchy established in 1830; briefly established a democratic republic; failure of the republic led to the reestablishment of the French Empire under Napoleon III in 1850	18
54779821	American Civil War	Fought from 1861 to 1865; first application of Industrial Revolution to warfare; resulted in abolition of slavery in the United States and reunification of North and South	19
54779822	transformisimo	Political system in late 19th century Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; parliamentary deputies of all parties supported the status quo	20
54779823	social question	Issues relating to repressed classes in Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution, particularly workers and women; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870.	21
54779824	revisionism	Socialist movements that at least tacitly disavowed Marxist revolutionary doctrine; believed social success could be achieved gradually through political institutions.	22
54779825	feminist movements	Sought various legal and economic gains for women, including equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on right to vote; won support particularly from middle-class women; active in Western Europe at the end of the 19th century; revived in light of other issues in the 1960s	23
54779826	mass leisure culture	An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; based on newspapers, music halls, popular theater, vacation trips, and team sports	24
54779827	romanticism	Artistic and literary movement of the 19th century in Europe; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflection	25
54779828	american exceptionalism	Historical argument that the development of the United States was largely distinctive; contact with Western Europe was incidental to the larger development of the United States on its own terms.	26
54779829	Triple Alliance	Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I.	27
54779830	Triple Entente	Alliance among Britain, Russia, and France at the outset of the 20th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I.	28
54779831	Balkan nationalism	Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to World War I	29
54779832	maximilien robespierre	leader of the radical phase	30
54779833	napolean bonaparte	leading general who soon converted the revolutionary republic to an authoritarian empire	31
54779834	liberals	focused primarily on issue of political structure	32
54779835	james watt	scottish artisian, devised a steam engine that could be used for production	33
54779836	Louis pasteur	discovered germs	34
54779837	benjamin disraeli	british concervative leader	35
54779838	count camillo di cavour	in the italian state of piedmont, began even earlier to suport industrial developement and extend the powers of the parliament to please liberal forces	36
54779839	otto von bismarck	in prusia, the new priminister	37
54779840	karl marx	founder of social communist theory	38
54779841	charles Darwin	thoerist to , that humans decended from monkeys and apes and not god	39
54779842	Albert einstien	famous for his thoery of relativaty	40
54779843	sigmund freud	viennese physician, established theory of working of the human subconscience	41