Chapter 24 Vocab Flashcards

149944887	Boer republics	Transvaal and Orange Free State in southern Africa; established to assert independence of Boers from British colonial government in Cape Colony in 1850s; discovery of diamonds and precious metals caused British migration into the Boer areas in 1860s	0
149944888	Boer War	Fought between 1899 and 1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory, but began the process of decolonization in South Africa	1
149944889	Cecil Rhodes	British entrepreneur in South Africa around 1900; manipulated political situation in South Africa to gain entry to resources of Boer republics; encouraged Boer War as means of destroying Boer independence	2
149944890	Lord Charles Cornwallis	Reformer of the East India Company administration of India in the 1790s; reduced power of local British administrators; checked widespread corruption	3
149944891	great trek	Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions north of Orange River and Natal	4
149944892	Isandhlwana	Location of battle fought in 1879 between the British and Zulu armies in South Africa; resulted in defeat of British; one of few victories of African forces over Western Europeans	5
149944893	Captain James Cook	Made voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 resulting in opening of islands to the West; convinced Kamehameha to establish unified kingdom in the islands	6
149944894	Kamehameha I	Hawaiian monarch who united all of the islands under his rule in 1810; Fought series of wars backed by British weapons and advisers resulting in unified Hawaiian kingdom by 1810; as king he promoted economic change encouraging Western merchants to establish export trade in Hawaiian goods	7
149944895	Mataram	Kingdom that controlled interior regions of Java in 17th century; Dutch East India Company paid tribute to the kingdom for rights of trade at Batavia; weakness of kingdom after 1670s allowed Dutch to exert control over all of Java	8
149944896	nabobs	Name given to British representatives of the East India Company who went briefly to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation	9
149944897	Plassey	Battle in 1757 between troops of the British East India Company and an Indian army under Sir àjud-daula, ruler of Bengal; British victory resulted in control of northern India	10
149944898	Presidencies	Three districts that made up the bulk of the directly ruled British territories in India; capitals at Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay	11
149944899	Princely States	Domains of Indian princes allied with the British Raj; agents of East India Company were stationed at the rulers' courts to ensure compliance; made up over one-third of the British Indian Empire	12
149944900	Rajput	Regional princes in India following collapse of empire; emphasized military control of their regions	13
149944901	Robert Clive	Architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of British Raj in northern India	14
149944902	sepoys	Troops that served the British East India Company; recruited from various warlike peoples of India	15
149944903	settlement colonies	Areas, such as North America and Australia, that were both conquered by European invaders and settled by large numbers of European migrants who made the colonized areas their permanent home and dispersed and decimated the indigenous inhabitants	16
149944904	dependency theory	Belief that development and underdevelopment were not stages but part of the same process; that development and growth of some areas such as Western Europe were achieved at the expense of underdevelopment of dependent regions such as Latin America	17
149944905	White Dominions	Colonies in which European settlers made up the overwhelming majority of the population; small numbers of native inhabitants were typically reduced by disease and wars of conquest; typical of British holdings in North America and Australia with growing independence in the 19th century	18
149944906	white racial supremacy	Belief in the inherent mental, moral, and cultural superiority of whites; peaked in acceptance in decades before World War I; supported by social science doctrines of social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer	19