Chapter 20 Flashcards

147281952	The Great War	lasted from August 1914 to November 1918 and involved more countries than any other war in history; also called World War I	0
147281953	Total war	when governments mobilized virtually every person and natural resource available to support the war effort	1
147281954	Self-determination	inspired many people in eastern Europe to fight for their independence	2
147281955	Allied Powers	France, Britian, and Russia	3
147281956	The Central Powers	Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire	4
147281957	Western Front	where German troops faced French and British troops	5
147281958	Eastern Front	where Germany and Austria-Hungary fought against Russia	6
147281959	Trench warfare	style of fighting on the western front where soldiers dug opposing trenches for protection from the enemy	7
147281960	Home front	support from civilians that ran parallel to the actual war fronts where the fighting took place	8
147281961	Brest-Litovsk Treaty	a peace treaty signed in March 1918, between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I	9
147281962	Fourteen Points	President Woodrow Wilson's document expressing his point of view and presented it to the other Allied Powers as a plan for peace	10
147281963	Reparations	payment of war expenses	11
147281964	League of Nations	the new international peace organization created by the treaty	12
147281965	Mandate system	set up territories as "trusteeships" under the care of the newly created League of Nations	13
147281966	Mustafa Kemal / Ataturk	Turkish leader who managed to negotiate a new Turkish republic in 1923	14
147281967	Collective security	the agreement that if any member of the League of Nations were attacked, the others were bound to give military aid	15
147281968	Soviet	councel of Russian workers	16
147281969	Alexander Kerensky	Leader of Provincial Government installed in Russia following the March 1917 Revolution; overthrown by Lenin's Bolsheviks	17
147281970	V.I. Lenin	arrived from exhile in Switzerland to lead his Bolsheviks in a second revolution that toppled the provisional govt.	18
147281971	"Vanguard of the revolution"	Lenins interpretation of Marxism, forced its way to the top by dismantling other parties and declaring the victory of the proletariat	19
147281972	Red Army	Lenins army, but was lead by his second-in-command Leon Trotsky	20
147281973	Leon Trotsky	Lenins second-in-command	21
147281974	New Economic Policy	promised small business owers and land-owning peasants the retention of their rights and freedoms, while the state set basic economic policies	22
147281975	Democratic centralism	was a cenrtalized policy-making for the good of the people	23
147281976	Joseph Stalin	ruled Russia from 1927 till his death in 1953	24
147281977	Chiang Kai-shek	also known as Jiang Jieshi; took over Sun's party after he died in 1925	25
147281978	Guomindang	National peoples party	26
147281979	Mao Zedong	leader of the Chinese Communist Party	27
147281980	Long March	the 1934-1936 pursuit of Mao's army across China by Chiang and his supporters	28
147281981	Great Depression	the worldwide economic patterns that didnt change for the better until after WWII	29
147281982	Weimar Rebublic	a direction of new government which faced what ultimately became insurmountable problems	30
147281983	Protectionism	high tariff barriers that meant to protect each country's industries and nationalistic concerns t the expense of world economic growth	31
147281984	Margin	putting up only a small fraction of stock's price in cash and borrowing the remainder from stock brokers	32
147281985	Primary Producing Economies	such as Latin america, export of raw materials and agricultural goods plummeted as demand from industralized countries decreased	33
147281986	John Maynard Keynes	warned that if people dont consume enough or invest enough, the national income will fall	34
147281987	New Deal programs	started by Roosevelt; involved massive govtspending aimed to prevent the collapse of the banking system, provide jobs and farm subsidies, give workers the right to organize and bargain collectively, guarantee minimum wages, and provide social security in old age	35
147281988	Kulaks	prosperous peasants who refused to give land, animals, food, ect, to the govt	36
147281989	Benito Mussolini	gained controlled of Itsly in 1922 and established s one-party dictatorship	37
147281990	Nazi Party	led by Adolf Hitler	38
147281991	Maginot Line	fortress built by French along French/German line	39
147281992	Appeasement policy	allowed Germany to keep Sudetenland in return for Hitler's promise to cease his aggretions	40
147281993	Rome-Berlin axis	Germany and Italy's allience as Mussolini declared that the rest of Europe would revolve around this central pact between the two countries	41
147312397	Tripartite Pact	united Germany, Italy, and Japan as the three strongest of the Axis Powers	42
147312398	Holocaust	mass extermination of targeted people by Nazi Germany	43
147312399	Genocide	the wholesale murder of an entire people	44
147312400	Blitzkrieg	"Lightening war"	45
147312401	Winston Churchill	withstood a massive air attack from the German Luftwaffe (air force) that lasted from June to September while leading Britian	46
147312402	Battle of Britian	British Royal Air Force successfully counterattacked the German planes, using the new technology of radar to detect the enemies approach	47
147312403	Pearl Harbor, Hawaii	American naval base that was attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941	48
147312404	Battle of Midway	west of Hawaii, Japan lost 4 out of 6 large aircraft carriers	49
147312405	D-Day	June 6, 1944	50
147312406	Battle at the Bulge	Allies advanced into Belgium where they defeted the Germans	51