CH 24 The Early Industrial Revolution Flashcards
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| 149131122 | Industrial Revolution | Involved dramatic innovations in manufacturing, mining, transport, and communication; society and commerce. Transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation on advent of new technological improvements in machinery and steam power. | 0 | |
| 149131123 | Agricultural Revolution | The transformation of farming that resulted in the eighteenth century from the spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques and livestock breeding, and consolidation of small holdings into large farms from which tenants were expelled. Acceptance of Potato, Corn, Turnips, and Legumes in Europe. | 1 | |
| 149131124 | Mass Production | Making of many identical items by breaking process into simple repetitive tasks. | 2 | |
| 149131125 | Josiah Wedgwood | Opened pottery business in 1759- created system of divisions of labor to produce porcelain cheaply. | 3 | |
| 149131126 | Divisions of Labor | Divided work into highly specialized and repetitive tasks. | 4 | |
| 149131127 | Mechanization | Use of machines to do work previously done by hand | 5 | |
| 149131128 | Richard Arkwright | Invented water-frame, a spinning machine that produced thread strong enough to be used without linen. Required water wheel power. | 6 | |
| 149131129 | Crystal Palace | A huge greenhouse made entirely of iron and glass and large enough to enclose the tallest trees. Symbol of Industrial age. | 7 | |
| 149131130 | Steam Engine | mechanical substitute for human, animal, wind, and water power. | 8 | |
| 149131131 | James Watt | Instrument maker at Glasgow University in Scotland. Improved steam engine's efficiency | 9 | |
| 149131132 | Electric Telegraph | After Italian Scientist Alessandro Volta invented the battery to produce electric current, inventors tried to apply electricity to communication. It is a device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. Developed in England by Wheatstone and Cocke. Developed in America famously by Samuel Morse. | 10 | |
| 149131133 | Business Cycles | Recurrent swings from economic hard times to recovery and growth, repeatedly. | 11 | |
| 149131134 | Laissez Faire | "Let them do". Adam Smith, a Scottish Economist said that if individuals were allowed to seek personal gain, the effect would be an increased general welfare. | 12 | |
| 149131135 | Positivism | A philosophy by French Count of Saint Simon. He argued that scientific method could solve social and technical problems. | 13 | |
| 149131136 | Utopian Socialism | Charles Fourier- hated capitalists, imagined a ideal society where groups workers live in dorms and work together in a self-sustaining community. Called "Utopian" because Fourier is a "Dreamer". Greek word "Utopia" means "Nowhere". | 14 |