Chapter 22 Flashcards

152958208	Nikita Khrushchev	a party secretary and premier of the USSR	0
152958209	deStalinization	a process that led to reforms, such as loosening government censorship of the press, decentralization of economic decision-making, and reconstructing of the collective farms	1
152958210	Mikhail Gorbachev	replaced Brezhneb; looked and acted more western and was open to more western style reforms	2
152958211	Glasnost	openness; allowed more open discusion of poltical, social, and economical issues, as well as open critisism of the government	3
152958212	Democratization	the process of creating a government elected by the people	4
152958213	Perestroika	his most radicle and least succesful reform, tried to keep old soviet structure and tried to modernize from within	5
152958214	Boris Yelstin	elected president of the Russian republic, and former politburo; member who lead protests against the KGB	6
152958215	Vladimir Putin	president of USSR; set out to redefine Russias place in the world	7
152958216	Containment	keeping communism from spreading	8
152958217	Detente	peaceful coexistance of the soviet union	9
152958218	Osama Bin Laden	head of the Al-qadea	10
152958219	Al-qadea	international terrorist organization that claimed responsibilty for the attacks on Twin Towers	11
152958220	Saddam Hussein	Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran	12
152958221	Weapons of Mass Destruction	nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that can kill tens of thousands of people all at once	13
152958222	Preemption	principle of attacking before being attacked	14
152958223	Command Economy	no private ownership of property	15
152958224	Deng Xiaoping	Chinese communist statesman (1904-1997)	16
152958225	Socialist Market Economy	the gradual infusuion of capitalism while still retaining state control	17
152958226	Household Responsibilty System	individual families take charge of the production and marketing of crops	18
152958227	Private business	included urban co-ops, service organizations, and rural industries that largely operate as a capitalist enterprise	19
152958228	Special economic zones	foriegn investers were given preferential tax rates and other incentives	20
152958229	Tiananmen Crisis	spring 1989-demonstrations of students and intellectuals against inflation and corruption	21
152958230	Supranational organizations	reflect the trend toward intergration	22
152958231	Intergrations	a process that encourages states to pull their soverinty in order to gain political economic and social clout	23
152958232	Globalization	an intergration of social, environmental, economic, and cultural actvities of nations that has resulted from increasing international contacts	24
152958233	Fragmentation	a tendancy of people to base their loyalty on ethinicity, language, religion, or cultural identity	25
152958234	world trade organization	organization of member states who have agreed to rules of world trade among nations	26
152958235	World bank	focuses today on loaning money to low and middle income countries at modest interest rates	27
152958236	european union	a regional organization that promises to redefine the meaning of sovierenty	28
152958237	North American free trade agreement	its goal is to more closely intergrate the countries economies by eliminating tarriffs and reducing restrictions so that companies can expand into all countries freely	29
152958238	more developed countries	those that have experienced industrialization	30
152958239	less developed countries	those who have not experienced industrialization	31
152958240	compressed modernity	repid economic and political change that transformed the coutnry into a stable nation with democratizing political institutions a growing economy and an expanding web of nongovernmental institutions	32
152958241	modernization model	model showing britian was the first country to begin to develop its industry	33
152958242	dependency theory	primary responsibility for global poverty on rich nations	34
152958243	market economy	follow free market principles without government control	35
152958244	mixed economy	allows significant control from central government	36
152958245	marketization	a states creation of a market in which property, labor, goods, and services can all function in a competitive environment to determine their value	37
152958246	privitization	the transfer of state owned property to private ownership	38
152958247	megacities	metropolies in the world that have populations of more than 10 million	39
152958248	demographic transition	change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates	40
152958249	green revolution	a collection of new agricultural techniques; involved the use of new higher yeild seeds and expanded the use of fertilizers	41
152958250	human rights movement	Changing the way society views the rights of all of its memebers including minorities, clients with terminal illness (euthenasia), pregnant women, and older adults.	42
152958251	universal declaration of human rights	a document sponsereed by the UN and signed by the UNs grand assembly in 1948	43
152958252	nongovernmental organizations	Nonprofit international organizations devoted to investigating human rights abuses and providing humanitarian relief	44
152958253	modernism	values that included secularism and emphases on reason, materialism, technology, bureaucracy, and emphases on freedom rather than collective equality	45
152958254	post-modernism	set of values that emphasizes quality of life over concern with material gain	46
152958255	cultural globalization	spread of western culture to other parts of the globe	47
152958256	cultural imperialism	Domination of one culture over another by a deliberate policy or by economic or technological superiority	48
152958257	global pop culture	allows many ordinary people access to dress, food, music, movies, and TV shows that reflect American culture	49
152958258	nationalism	identities based in nationhood	50
152958259	politicization of religion	the use of religious principles to promote political ends and vise versa	51
152958260	stateless nations	people of a common identity without a coorisponding state organized by a central government	52