APWH: Chapter 18 Flashcards

20107216	Royal African Company	A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa.	0
20107217	Atlantic system	The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin.	1
20107218	chartered companies	Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies.	2
20107219	Dutch West India Company	(1621 - 1794) Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.	3
20107220	plantocracy	In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century.	4
20107221	driver	A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation.	5
20107222	seasoning	An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas.	6
20107223	manumissions	A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave.	7
20107224	maroon	A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies of South America.	8
20107225	capitalism	The economic system of large financial institutions - banks, stock exchanges, investment companies - that first developed in early modern Europe.	9
20107226	mercantilism	European government policies of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country. The British system was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system by laws known as the Exclusif.	10
20107227	Atlantic Circuit	The newtork of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system.	11
20107228	Middle Passage	The part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.	12
20107229	Songhai	A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the 16th century, it stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade.	13
20107230	Hausa	An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, these city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early 19th century.	14
20107231	Bornu	A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important int trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. Endured form the ninth century to the end of the nineteenth.	15