Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase Flashcards

12749352	Homer	perhaps never existed, "author" of the Iliad and Odyssey	0
12749353	Minoan	late 3rd millennium BCE; Crete; Knossos a lavish palace; core of society and rulers resided there	1
12749354	Linear A	written symbols that stood for syllables from Crete; dissapeared when many people fled to the islands of the Aegean Sea, Anatolia, or Cyprus	2
12749355	Crete	a principal center for commerce advance sailing craft	3
12749356	Decline of Minoan	natural catastrophes; attracted invaders and fell at 1100 BCE	4
12749357	Linear B	Mycenaean	5
12820559	The Polis	referred to a citadel or fortified site that offered refuge for local communities during times of war or other emergencies; in other words a city state	6
12820560	Tyrant	generals or ambitious politicians in Greece who gained power by irregular means	7
12820561	Sparta	one of the most important poleis; descendants of Dorians; believed to be descendants of Hercules; located on the southern peninsula of Greece; whenever other poleis had food shortages, they just invaded them and made them make their food; life revolved around their military	8
12820562	Athens	the other one of the most important poleis; descendants of Myceneans; mid 600's BC governed by 4 tyrants	9
12820563	Draco	was first tyrant; issued an improved code of laws in 621 BC; everyone knew cause it was written down; penalties for breaking the law were severe even for the most minor crimes, such as death; debtors were slaves	10
12820564	Solon	594 BC; first to try to improve the economy; cancelled all land debts and freed all debtors from slavery urged farmers to make cash crops instead of grain so the can make money; tried to end conflict between aristocrats and commoners; did so by making a two house legislature which had 400; commoners and aristocrats made up those things so things would be fair	11
12820565	Peisistratus	546 BC; pushed reforms in an even more radical direction than Solon; divide up large estates and gave land to landless farmers; he extended citizenship to men who didn't own land; he provided loans and jobs to the poor; ("lets pave these road cuz, i mean, then u guys can have work and it'd be like a stimulus check, ya know?")	12
12904650	The Persian War	(500-479 B.C.E) Greek cities on Ionian coast revolted against Persia, 500 BCE, battle of Marathon, 490 BCE, is decisive victory of Athens; Xerxes tried again to seize Athens; his navy lost battle of Salamis; Persian army retreated back to Anatolia	13
12904651	Pericles	most popular democratic leader of Athens	14
12904652	The Delian League	Military and financial alliance among Greek poleis against Persian threat; When Persian threat subsided, poleis, other than Ahens, no longer wanted to make contributions	15
12904653	The Peloponnesian War	Tensions led to two armed camps, under leadership of Athens and Sparta; unconditional surrender of Athens, 404 BCE	16
12904654	Philip of Macedon	brought Greece under control	17
12904655	Alexander of Macedon	succeeds Philip at age twenty but dies at thirty cuz he was an idiot, and he had a little too much to drink; by 331 BCE, controlled Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia; invaded Persian homeland and burned Persepolis; crossed the Indus by 327, but his army didn't want to go any further	18
12904656	Antigonid	Greece and Macedon; continuous tension between the Antigonid rulers and Greek cities; Economy of Athens and Corinth flourished again through trade	19
12904657	Ptolemaic	Egypt was the wealthiest; the rulers did not interfere in Egyptian society; Alexandria is the capital at the mouth of the Nile; cultural center: the famous Alexandria Museum and Alexandria Library;	20
12904658	Selucid	largest from Bactria to Anatolia; Greek and Macedonian colonists flocked to Greek cities of former Persia; Colonists created a mediterranean-style urban society; Bactria withdrew from Seleucids and established independent Greek kingdom	21
12910263	Sappho	a famous Greek poet; accused of being homosexual just because she wrote about having an attraction to young women; even though male gayness was ok women gayness was not. (no scissoring for them. but butt sex time is ok?).	22
12913124	Socrates	(470-399 BCE); encouraged reflection on questions of ethics and mortality; was condemned to death on charge of corrupting Athenian youths	23
12913125	Plato	(430-347 BCE); disciple of Socrates; the theory of forms or ideas--world of ideal qualities; his republic expressed the ideal of philosophical kings	24
12913126	Aristotle	Plato's student, but distrusted theory of Forms; devised rules of logic to construct powerful arguments; philosophers should rely on sense to provide accurate information	25
12914910	Epicureans	identified pleasure as the greatest good	26
12914911	Skeptics	doubted certainty of knowledge, sought equanimity	27
12914912	Stoics	taught individuals duty to aid other and lead virtuous lives	28