islamic terms Flashcards

48158423	Muslims	the follwers of the Islamic religion	0
48158424	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam; born in 570 o Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 CE and thereafter; died in 632	1
48158425	Mecca	City located in mountainous region along the Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of cheif religion	2
48158426	Ka'ba	Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam	3
48158427	Medina	Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge from Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra).	4
48158429	Hijra	Flight of Muhammad and followers in 622 CE from Mecca to Medina; marks the first year of Islamic calendar	5
48158430	Zakat	Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims. "Alms Giving".	6
48158431	Hajj	Pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca to worship at the Ka'ba	7
48158432	Umayyad	Clan of Quraysg that dominated politics and commerical economy of Mecca; clan late able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam	8
48158433	Caliph	The political and religious successor to Muhammad	9
48158434	Abu Bakr	One of Muhammad's earliest converters; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community	10
48158435	Jihad	An Islamic holy war. For example, the crusades.	11
48158436	Holy Land	The Arabian peninsula was considered the biblical holy land to the Christians and the Christians invaded the Muslims trying to capture the holy land during the Crusades	12
48158437	Crusades	Series of military adventures initally launched by western Christians to free the holy land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commericals wars and extermination of heresy	13
48158438	Sufis	Mystics within Islamic; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia	14