History 16-24 Flashcards
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| 66742977 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the latin christian church, started by Martin Luther in 1519; allowed for citizens to break away from the Pope's rule | 0 | |
| 66742978 | Enlightenment | Philosophical movement based on natural laws and the idea that one can reform society by discovering rational laws to govern social behavior; questions the church, the king, and humans; everyone should be equal | 1 | |
| 66742979 | Columbian Exchange | The transfer of peoples, aminals, plants, and diseases between the old (weaponry, disease, aminals) and new (corn, potatoes) worlds | 2 | |
| 66742980 | Council of the Indies | Beginning in 1524 in Spain as the King's attempt to take power away from the conquistadors | 3 | |
| 66742981 | Encomienda | Forced labour provided by natives of the americas; provided cheap labour and a chance to Christianize the Americas | 4 | |
| 66742982 | Plantocracy | A small number of wealthy men who owned most of the slaves/land in the West Indies | 5 | |
| 66742983 | Manumission | Legal grant of freedom to a slave by an owner which led to the development of free black populations | 6 | |
| 66742984 | Mercantilism | Policies adopted by European states to promote overseas trade and accumulate capital in the form of precious metals; governments should be involved in order to protect the economy | 7 | |
| 66742985 | Janissaries | Christian prisoners who are forced to convert to Islam in order to serve in the Ottoman army | 8 | |
| 66742986 | Mughal Empire | (1500-1700) Land of Hindus ruled by a Muslim minority in India; worked for social harmony | 9 | |
| 66742987 | Tokugawa Shogunate | (1603-1900's) Centralized power in Japan while acting as an economic power and promoting trade; moved capital to Edo (modern Tokyo) | 10 | |
| 66742988 | Qing Empire | (1644-1911) Manchu rule in China who are unbalanced because of their acceptance for Christianity but not trade | 11 | |
| 66742989 | Muscovy | Territory surrounding Moscow which becomes the new center for Russian government and it is from here that the Mongols are expelled | 12 | |
| 66742990 | Pedro el Grande | WESTERNIZATION | 13 | |
| 66742991 | Sepoys | Indian troops hired by the Europeans to protect trading ports; held balance of power in India | 14 | |
| 66742992 | British Raj | British rule in India in which Britain uses Indians to rule Indians | 15 | |
| 66742993 | Victorian Age | Refers to rules of behavior and to an ideology surrounding the family and the relationships between men and women; seperate spheres | 16 | |
| 66742994 | Socialism | Ideology developed by radical thinkers who questioned the sanctity of private property and argued in support of industrial workers against their employers | 17 | |
| 66742995 | Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia during the reign of King Wilhelm and unifies Germany | 18 | |
| 66742996 | Free-Trade Imperialism | Economic dominace of a weak country by a powerful contry, the weak country maintians independence (no moving in or occupying, prevents europe from scrambling for Africa) | 19 | |
| 66742997 | Congress of Vienna | International conference to restore europe and prevent revolutions; things go badly and the monarchy is restored | 20 | |
| 66742998 | Laissez Faire | By Adam Smith, who believed the government should stay away from the economy and allow it to be run by the invisible hand | 21 | |
| 66742999 | Simon Bolivar | Personalist leader who wrote constitutions for five south american nations | 22 | |
| 66743000 | Confederation of 1867 | Led to by negotiations of the four provinces of canada to create a central government; bloodlessly creates canadian independence | 23 | |
| 66743001 | Personalist Leaders | Generals who gain status because of their personality; have weak constitutions and generally don't give up power | 24 | |
| 66743002 | Tanzimat | ('reorganization') A series of reforms by Abdul Megid in 1839 that is secular, not religious, and shows Ottoman willingness to reform | 25 | |
| 66743003 | Extraterritoriality | Europeans lived in enclaves in Istanbul, subject to their own laws and jurisdiction; highlights weak Ottoman power | 26 | |
| 66743004 | Treaty of Nanking | Ended the Opium war; Britain gained Hong Kong, extraterritorial rights, and treaty ports | 27 | |
| 66743005 | Most-Favored-Nation-Status | Meant that any privileges China granted to another country would be automatically extended to Britain; prevented colonization of China | 28 | |
| 66743006 | Taiping Rebellion | Started by Hong Xiuquan because of the growing problem of unstable agriculture; bloodiest civil war in alllllll of time! | 29 |