Chapter 30 AP World History Flashcards

59712229	appeasement	the practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war	0
59712230	total war	the practice of channeling a nation's entire resources into a war effort	1
59712231	Balfour Declaration	British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews, ignored by the Arabs (Palestinians)	2
59712232	zionism	a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine	3
59712233	Holocaust	the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler, the program of cruel, brutal, inhumane acts enforced against Jews	4
59712234	genocide	systematic killing of a racial or cultural group; ex: the Holocaust, the Armenian Genocide (Turks)	5
59712235	anti-semitism	prejudice and hatred against Jews	6
59712236	"The Final Solution"	the Nazi cover up name for their inhumane plan to exterminate the Jews	7
59712237	Blitzkrieg	fight a quick and surprising war, "lightning war", used by the Germans against the Poland in WWII	8
59712238	Anschluss	Hitler's annexation and combination of Germany and Austria	9
59712239	Tehran Conference	a meeting between the USA, Britain, and the USSR, called in order to create an agreement to open a second battlefront in Europe	10
59712240	Yalta Conference	a meeting between the USA, Britain, and the USSR, called in order to disarm Germany and divide it into four zones of occupation	11
59712241	Potsdam Conference	a meeting between the USA, Britain, and the USSR, called in order to announce Potsdam Declaration included the provision Japanese unconditional surrender of Japan or face prompt and utter destruction	12
59712242	United Nations	an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security, replaced the League of Nations established in WWI	13
59712243	Atlantic Charter	a published statement established by the United States and Britain that outlined the world after WWII	14
59712244	PLO	a political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine	15
59712245	decolonization	the action of changing from colonial to independent status	16
59712246	self-determination	the ability of a government to determine their own course by the way of their free will	17
59712247	Indian National Congress	a movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government, self-determination	18
59712248	Amritsar Massacre	the massacre at Amritsar where British troops fired, killing hundreds of Indians who gathered together for a public meeting	19
59712249	Quit India Movement	the mass civil disobedience campaign that began in the summer of 1942 to end British control of India, passive resistance	20
59712250	Muslim League	an organization formed by Muslims in 1906 to protect their interests against British rule	21
59712251	Kenya African Union	Leading nationalist party in Kenya; adopted nonviolent approach to ending British control in the 1950s	22
59712252	Secret Army Organization	the organization of French settlers in Algeria; led guerrilla war following independence during the 1960s; assaults directed against Arabs, Berbers, and French who advocated independence	23
59712253	Afrikaner National Party	the majority party in the all-white South African legislature after 1948; advocated complete independence from Britain; favored a rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid	24
59712254	apartheid	a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites	25
59712255	Adolf Hitler	German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945), leader of the Third Reich, mentally disturbed, committed suicide, largely violated the Treaty of Versailles	26
59712256	Joseph Stalin	Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)	27
59712257	Tojo	Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II, he was subsequently tried and executed as a war criminal (1884-1948)	28
59712258	Hirohito	emperor of Japan who renounced his divinity and became a constitutional monarch after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II (1901-1989)	29
59712259	Winston Churchill	British statesman and leader during World War II	30
59712260	Harry S. Truman	elected Vice President in Roosevelt's 4th term, became 33rd President of the United States on Roosevelt's death in 1945 and was elected President in 1948; authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan (1884-1972)	31
59712261	Mohandas Gandhi	a 20th century, western educated Indian elite who helped lead his country to independence by using nonviolent resistance to colonial rule, civil disobedience	32
59712262	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948), a leader of the Muslim League	33
59712263	Jawaharlal Nehru	was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964)	34
59712264	Jomo Kenyatta	a nationalist leader who fought to end oppressive laws against Africans; later became the first Prime Minister of Kenya	35
59712265	Kwame Nkrumah	the founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first President, used non-violent acts	36
59712266	Nelson Mandela	South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)	37
59712267	intifada	an uprising by Palestinian Arabs (in both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank) against Israel in the late 1980s and again in 2000, the first intifada ended when Israel granted limited autonomy to the Palestine National Authority in 1993	38