Chapter 18 Vocabulary Flashcards

136288251	Ivan III	Also known as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar- equivalent of emperor.	0
136288252	Ivan IV	Also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with Western European commerce and culture.	1
136288253	Cossacks	peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.	2
136288254	Time of Troubles	Followed death of Russian tsar Ivan IV without heir early in teh 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority ; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613	3
136288255	Romanov Dynasty	Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles: Ruled Russia until 1917	4
136288256	Alexis Romanov	The Russian heir to the throne at the time of the Russian revolution and the youngest member of the royal family at the time of their execution.	5
136288257	Old believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization.	6
136288258	Peter I	Also known as Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models.	7
136288259	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.	8
136288260	Pugachev rebellion	During 1770's in reign of Catherine the Great; led by cossack Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter	9
136288261	Partition of Poland	division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe.	10